Discuss the Status of Foreign Claims Essay

1. reason the status of foreign claims and possessions in the trans-Mississippi watt from 1811 to 1840. Trace the development of American gratifys in the region during this era. Between the historic period 1811 to 1840, Americans had migrated into the trans-Mississippi due west in order to grow break donelined boundaries with Canada and Mexico more(prenominal)over, they went tungsten to acquire the western move on of the continent. Commercial goals fueled azoic interest as traders firs sought beaver skins in Oregon territory as archean as 1811 and then bison robes hustling by the Plains tribes in the area around the upper berth Missouri River and its tri justaries.Many of the men in the fur business married Indian women, thereby making valu competent connections with Indian tribes involved in trapping. In the to the southwest, the fragmentize of the Spanish Empire gave American traders an opportunity they had long sought. Their economic activity prepared the way for military conquest. To the southward, land for cotton fiber rather than trade or missional fervor attracted get backrs and squatters in the 1820s at the re every(prenominal)y time that the Tejano population of 2,000 was ad unlessing to Mexican independence.On the Pacific, a fewer New England traders carrying sea otter skins to China anchored in the harbors of Spanish atomic number 20 in the early nineteenth century. By the 1830s, as the near extermination of the animals ruined this trade, a commerce based on calcium cowhides and tallow developed. New England ships brought clothes, boots, hardware, and furniture manufacture in the East to exchange for hides self-contained from local ranchers. Among the earliest easterlyers to settle in the trans-Mississippi atomic number 74 were tribes from the South and the Old northwestern United States whom the American presidential term forcibly relocated in the present-day Oklahoma and Kansas.2. unfreeze American westward elaborat eness in the 1840s. American intricacy was due to the fast population growth, advances in transportation, communication, and the bolstering idea of issue superiority, known as demo Destiny. This superstar of uniqueness and mission was a legacy of early Puritan utopianism and Revolutionary body politicanism. By the 1840s, the successful absorption of the Louisiana filth also contri stilled to the American expansion towards the best. Publicists of Manifest Destiny proclaimed that the nation non only could but must latch on recent territories.This Manifest Destiny, the slogan in which they used to reassert this expansion, was begun by nates L. OSullivan. He expressed the opinion that the countrys superior institutions and grow gave Americans a God-given right, even an obligation, to spread their finish across the entire continent. 3. From 1823 to 1845, Texas grew from a sparsely settled region of northern Mexico to an self-reliant republic to a state in the American Un ion. Discuss the reasons for and the major events of this transformation.Texas was fitting to separate from Mexico into the American Union by yearning for their own independence, winning the skirmish at San Jacinto, and their new republic they were able to create. It began in 1823, when the Mexican presidential term dogged to strengthen brink areas by change magnitude population. To attract settlers, it offered land in damages for token payments and pledges to become Roman Catholics and Mexican citizens. In 1829, the Mexican government alter its Texas policy. Determined to curb American influence, the government abolished break ones backry in Texas in 1830 and forbade upgrade emigration from the United States.Officials began to collect tradition duties on goods crossing the Louisiana butt hoowever, low changed in Texas. American slave owners freed their slaves and then forced them to sign feeling indenture contracts. Emigrants still crossed the border and outnumbered M exicans. With the victory at San Jacinto, Texas gained its independence. The new republic started off shakily, financially unstable, and unrecognized by its enemies. For the next few years, the Lone lead story Republic led a dubious existence. 4. Analyze President Polks actions in handling the Oregon question.Was Polk luck or smart in achieving a serene compromise with Britain? Polk was not willing to go to war with salient Britain for Oregon, so he withdrawed his suggestion, while he created more difficulties and mixed the resolution, and achieved a peaceful compromise by sheer luck. Polk began by setting out the American position that settlement carried the condition of possession. Polk recognized the reality that Americans has not hesitated to settle the disputed territories. His flamboyant posture and expandible American claims complicated the impinges resolution.He offered a compromise to ample Britain, but in a smack that antagonized the British. Discussions most Ore gon occupied recounting for month. Debate gradually revealed deep divisions some Oregon and the possibility of war with majuscule Britain. Polk took the unorthodox step of forwarding this proffer to the Senate for a preliminary response. Escaping some of the obligation for retreating from slogans by sharing it with the Senate, Polk ended the crisis just a few weeks before the resolving power of war with Mexico. 5.What led so more Americans to sell most of their possession and enroll on an unknown future thousands of miles away in Oregon or California during the 1840s? The lands east of the Mississippi began to fill up, and American automatically called on familiar ideas to justify expansion they moved west for more lands to settle and more opportunity. Americans lost critical time in moving into the new territories. During the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, thousands of Americans left their homes for the West. By 1860, California only had 3800,000 settlers.At the same time, tho usands of Chinese headed south and east to destinations manage North and South America to escape the opium wars in the 1840s with Great Britain, internal unrest, and poor economic conditions. closely who came to California called it the Gold Mountain. Most of the emigrants who headed for the furthermost West, where slavery was prohibited, were fair and American-born. They came from the Midwest and speed South. They had very different routes to arriving West, but they all had the same intention, to reach the riches and the go against opportunities to live. 6.Contrast the different lives and tasks face by pioneers on the agri ethnic, mining, and urban frontiers in the West of the 1840s and 1850s. In contrast to the agricultural settlements, where early residents were isolated and the community expanded gradually, the uncovering of gold or silver spurred rapid, if unremarkably short-lived, growth. Mining packs, ramshackle and often hurriedly constructed, soon housed hundreds or even thousands of miners and slew serving them. Merchants, saloon keepers, cooks, druggists, gamblers, and prostitutes hurried into knock down areas as fast as prospectors.Usually, well-nigh half the residents of any mining camp were there to prospect the miners rather than the mines. stipulation the motivation, character, and ethnic diversity of those flocking to boom towns and the timid attempts to set up local government in what were sensed as improvised communities, it was hardly surprising that mining support was often disorderly. If mining life was commonly not this violent, it tolerated behavior unacceptable far east. Miners were not trying to re-create eastern communities but to get rich. 7. Emigrants temporary through Utah encountered a Mormon night club that seemed familiar and orderly, yet foreign and shocking. apologise The visitors were able to relate and admire the attractively laid of town with irrigation and tidy houses, but as they noted the decorou s genius of everyday life, they gossiped about polygamy and searched for signs of rebellion in the faces of Mormon women. Emigrants who opposed slavery were accessible of comparing the Mormon wife to the downhearted slave. They were amazed that so few Mormon women seemed interested in escaping from the bonds of plural marriage. Non-Mormon emigrants passing through Utah found often that was recognizable.The government had familiar characteristics. Most Mormons were farmers umteen of them came originally from New England and the Midwest and shared out mainstream customs and attitudes. alone outsiders also perceived profound differences, for the heart of Mormon night club was not the individual farmer on his own homestead but the reconciling village. 8. Describe the culture and political nerve of the Plains Indians. Discuss how and why their relationship with white Americans changed from the 1840s to 1851. White American first came in edge with this Plains tribes, and witnes sedthat their culture differed from that of all the some other Indian tribes. This ordinary encounter on the overland trail points to the social and cultural differences separating white Americans moving west and the inseparable peoples with whom they came in contact. Confident of their values and rights, emigrants had little regard for those who had lived in the West for centuries and no compunction in seizing their lands. The Plains tribes were modifyible in other tribes because the had adopted a nomadic way of life later the introduction of Spanish horses in the ordinal century.Mobility also increased tribal contact and conflict. And war played a commutation part in the lives of the Plains tribes. This pattern of conflict on the Plains discouraged political unity. But they had signed no treaties with the United States and had few friendly feelings toward whites. Their contact with white ordination had brought gains through trade in skins, but the trade had also introduced alcohol and baneful epidemics of smallpox and scarlet fever. 9. Write a brief overview of American westward expansion from 1820 to 1860 from the Mexican point of view.For adding-class Hispanic Americans, who became laborers for Anglo farmers or mining or railway system companies, we earned less and did more sore jobs than Anglo workers. By 1870, the average Hispanic-American workers property was worth only about one-third of what its value had been 20 years earlier. Some of us resisted American expansion into the Southwest. Other Hispanics adopted different tactics. In New Mexico, members of Las Gorras Blancas ripped up railroad ties and repulse the barbed-wires fences of Anglo ranchers and farmers.The religiously oriented Penitentes tried to work through the ballot box. Ordinary men, women, and children resisted efforts to convert them to Protestantism and clung to familiar customs and beliefs even as they learned some of the skills needed to stick up in a changing culture. T his driving force seemed to benefit everyone, except for us. We were treated like dirt and was not able to obtain the full potential opportunity everyone else had. We had to battle to make a living. This American westward expansion was tough on us Mexicans.