Website Usability Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Website Usability - Coursework ExampleWebmasters found out that participants had sufficient knowledge on what lay website is supposed to do and were commensurate to execute a few from the young site. In as much as they had some little know how of what is expected from the website, few challenges unfolded in line with the spick-and-span website especially with most of the new functionalities that had been added. Users were also very excited about the new features and the look of the new interface.2. Purpose of the StudyBetween June 27 and July 5 2014, Webmasters carried out a usability test on the publicly available Space website in Mexico, at the main usability test lab at Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as strong as the Webmasters offices. The sessions at Webmasters offices provided the required geographic range to the test crew of Space participants this same test procedure was used for all the participants following questions. The functionality tests were majorly based on t ask cases obtained from Spaces past knowledge of the websites main purpose and relevant end user needs. Webmasters came up with from each one activity to assess end-users ability to easily maneuver around the interface and be able to understand the kinds of information associated with each major areas of the site content. Basically, Webmasters conducted the usability test to avail answers to some of the following questionsHow wellspring does the new Space website convey a sense of the type of content that users may expect whenever they look the new Spaces internet sites?

Poverty As a Social Evil and its Various Aspects Essay

Poverty As a Social Evil and its Various Aspects - Essay typeThis essay stresses that poverty is a social evil and root cause of a number of problems caused to man, dickens of which brace been greatly dealt with in the paper. most people that are pitiful or living to a lower place the poverty line are not even able to afford square meals and provide their family with the same. They have many mouths to feed and an unstable source of income which forces many of them to even resort to actions like begging for regimen. Most of them do not have a house or a roof to live under(a) and thus are subject to the worst kind of diseases. They are not able to help their lieu because of the perpetual state of poverty that they lie within. Even food and shelter becomes a distant aspiration for such people and they become socially excluded from a lifestyle of being able to achieve these grassroots resources from society. This paper makes a conclusion that the question lies in whether or no t such people should be provided with external assistance by others in order for them to be able to gain basic food supplies and a place to live in with their families. Governments in many countries provide the socially backward classes and poor people of the society with these basic amenities. There are a number of food programs taken up in such developing and under developed countries where poor people are given food grains so that they can sustain their lifestyle and be able to feed their families.

Group Interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group Interviews - Essay ExampleAlso called as focus conventions and panel interviews, group interviewing has, still, its throw share of advantages and disadvantages.Several suppositions on its advantages as a research method has made group interviewing an extensively used technique (Robinson, 1993). Comparing this technique with individual or one-on-one interview, group interviewing is presumed to generate a wider variety of response, which in turn, is highly valuable in marketing and social researches. Companies use this technique in job screenings as well, to see leadership and character of the candidates in an open discussion. In this way, they could spot the whole and competent ones who are suitable for their open positions. In terms of time, group interviewing is an efficient technique in social researches to meet deadlines yet still generate sufficient and reasonable selective information set. With these share of irrefutable attributes, the charisma of group interviewing h as come to be equated with qualitative research (Robinson, 1993).In most cases, the effect of group interviewing on interview space and environment is treated as an advantage. As most people retrieve tension when set for an individual interview, the setting of several interviewees at one session somehow relieves the stuff of the situation. The intimidating feel of the one-on-one interview is also lessened during a group interviews as interviewees detect the comfortable feeling along with the each other, rather than alone with a respectable moderator. In this case, the unpatterned view of the moderator or researcher as an authority, which makes the situation intimidating, is avoided. Interaction among the interviewees is also seen as an advantage in many cases, as it not only creates a comfortable environment but rather an chance for a sensible discussion and data set. It is in this lively interaction and rich discussion that the data emerges (Cohen & Manion, 1994). Thus, group

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 54

Nursing research - Essay ExampleImportantly, avoiding entrained thinking is crucial in eliminating conformist tendencies in a team. Consequently, this promotes the formation of a strong team in a healthcare installing with this team working together to achieve the objectives of a healthcare facility since nurses are equipped and well prepared to perform their roles.A nurse manager is an important component in the healthcare remainss overall objective of providing role care to patients. In line with this, it is important that these nurses focused on engaging every staff member under their department in order to provide quality care to their clients. In line with this, a nurse manager should engage their staff members in traffic pattern by ensuring that members provided input on programs that the hospital implemented to promote quality care. By participating in development, implementation, and evaluation processes of programs, a nurse manager ensures a total engagement of all memb ers of staff in practice since they participate in the development of program that promoted quality

Smart Green Technologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smart Green Technologies - Research Paper ExampleConservation of postcode achieves this role of repairing. Imperatives responsible for controlling energy consumptions utilizes all environmental aspects are being by the back up of ICT data centers. Opportunities that can be offered by ICT in helping economies respond well to the drastic effectuate of climate change are coming to the limelight. These opportunities will make the environment smart with low amounts of pollutants akin carbon in the air. Designing of low cost equipments that provide value to the end personars proves smart. much(prenominal) equipment that develops from various technologies forms the discussion of this paper (Astorino n.d).Thermostats control the turning off and on of both air and temperature conditions, in businesses and homes. Some people still retain thermostats that tune for the same temperatures throughout the day. Most people do also use digital programmable thermostats that can set for different time periods at different temperatures. These settings function during the day and night. Thermostats whose temperature adjustment settings satisfy the interests and desires of all consumers are now available. Nest learnable thermostat is one such example.Nest learnable thermostat programs itself at different time intervals. It has a patented auto way of life feature. simple machine way is a feature that uses a sensor which keeps track of all activities within the house. It monitors the heating or cooling needed as one moves around the home. When activity ceases for few hours, the machine goes into auto way mode. This turns the temperature settings to either a maximum or minimum that one has preset into its program. The nest learnable thermostat monitors a home at a 150 degree wide angle view sensor. It is in use at an average of nine homes out of ten. The machine is flying off the shelf at a high rate with a friendly cost of $249.00. It sets home temperatures to save money by a t least 20% of the expected costs (Thiele 2-10).Apart from programming

Americas unfinished revolution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Americas unfinished revolution - Term Paper ExampleThere was petty or no change after the civil war. The efforts to restructure the to the south failed since the process did not complete. This left(p) many factors that caused the civil war unresolved hence are likely to occur. Different parts of the south still practice the vices, which they were meant to leave or eradicate. The black Americans slaves were still denied opportunities to participate in most of the activities. Therefore, the causticity they had could still result to another revolution. Secondly, at that place was an unfinished revolution because of the emergence of new complex bunk and rank structure.2 The status quo in the south remained unchanged as they re-united after the north left. This made them hold out with their slavery, therefore endangering the black slaves. Similarly, the whites in the south started to discriminate the blacks as they were considered slaves and were not entitled to equal opportunitie s and rights. The fellowship similarity was not good as both were hostile at each other. The postwar relation was not good and was perceived to be incubating another revolution. Therefore, Foner was right and justified when he said that there is an unfinished revolution. The division that took place in the American society where there were low and higher class is a symbol of disunity in the society. This can easily break into war since they do not relate. more than so, the passage of thirteen, fourteen and fifteenth amendment, which gave the blacks some forms of rights was not welcomed by the whites.

American Disability Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Disability identification number - Essay ExampleADA has received many an(prenominal) criticisms that are mainly classified into two categories. The first syndicate concerns employment of people with disabilities. Under this category of criticisms, critics have pointed out that ADA reduces the employment of persons with disabilities. In addition, critics have pointed to the concern that ADA summations the cost of conducting concern for business owners.The criticism based on reduction of employment opportunities for persons with disabilities has been supported by the fact that near after its enactment, the period covering betwixt 1991 and 1995, the employment of people with disabilities reduced by 7.8% and this reduction touch people of disabilities regardless of their age, their levels of education, or even type of disability afflicting an individual. The most affected with that drop in the employment rate due to the enactment of ADA were young people, those with lowe r levels of education and men that were mentally disabled. Nevertheless, there has not been any concerted focus on investigating the causal link between the Act and the decline in employment for disabled people for that decade since its enactment.The second category of criticisms relates increase in unavowed plaintiffs. The argument is that since the Act was enacted, it became an integral part of the employment law yet the Act only permits private plaintiffs to get injunctive relief. Injunctive relief is the court order making it mandatory for public readjustment to remedy contraventions of the accessibility laws. Besides injunctive relief, ADA only demands that private plaintiffs receive attorneys fees. However, it fails to provide monetary compensations to private claimants who take legal action against non-compliant businesses. Thus, for persons with disabilities to receive the remedies left out by ADA, it is upon the specific state to

Why Sartre Was Wrong Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Sartre Was falsely - Personal Statement ExampleOne of the near famous quotations from Being and No subjectness is Man is condemned to be free because once thrown into the orb, he is liable for everything he does. The idea that freedom is a prejudicious thing, is something that a person is condemned to, is very strange. It is a human activity akin saying the light is darkness or absence is a presence. What Sartre means is that freedom is a terrible responsibility if all you have is your matchless life and nothing more. But this doesnt make in like manner much sense, if a person believes, like Sartre, that the world is meaningless. The nausea of seeing yourself and your perceptions reflected back in the world or the world filling with yourself is also something to be disagreed with. In a way, the kind of existentialist philosophy Sartre complains about is really solipsism the belief that you are the moreover thing in the world, or the only thing that exists. If Sartre s topped for a moment to look at the world, he wouldnt see his own ugly represent reflected back in the petal of a flower or in a sunrise he would see a dazzling disclose of the natural world and the fact that people are offset of it all, that this is designed to be our world where we should be happy.Sartre was clearly a very smart man, but he was too much a crossroad of his time and unable to get outside of his gloomy severalise of mind to see the world as it really is. There is so much wonder and strangeness in the world that it is actually kinda difficult to do what he did reduce it all to ash.... His old world was destroyed and he literally had to try to come up with new values for a new world. It is just a bit disappointing that these new values are not based in the past and are put off free from any tradition or original truth like the existence of God. One of the most famous quotations from Being and Nothingness is Man is condemned to be free because once thrown into th e world, he is responsible for everything he does.3 The idea that freedom is a negative thing, is something that a person is condemned to, is very strange. It is a bit like saying light is darkness or absence is presence. What Sartre means is that freedom is a terrible responsibility if all you have is your one life and nothing more. But this doesnt make too much sense, if a person believes, like Sartre, that the world is meaningless. The nausea of seeing yourself and your perceptions reflected back in the world or the world filling with yourself is also something to be disagreed with. In a way the kind of existentialism Sartre complains about is really solipsism the belief that you are the only thing in the world, or the only thing that exists. If Sartre stopped for a moment to look at the world, he wouldnt see his own ugly face reflected back in the petal of a flower or in a sunrise he would see a dazzling display of the natural world and the fact that people are part of it all, t hat this is designed to be our world where we should be happy. Sartre was clearly a very smart man, but he was too much a product of his time and unable to get outside of his gloomy state of mind to see the world as it really is. There is so much wonder and strangeness in the world that it is actually quite difficult to do what he did reduce it all to ash.

National Parks Research Record--yalung river Paper

National Parks Record--yalung river - explore Paper ExampleBased on the above perspective, this paper analyses the different types of limits, insects, and animals found in Yarlung Zangbo River.Yarlung Zangbo River is iodin of the worlds most beautiful sceneries as it has both the river and a mountain. Yarlung Zangbo River has its origin in Lake Tamlung Tso in the Chinese area of western Tibet. The river itself is considered the 5th longest in China, totaling to 2,057 kilometers in length.Plants are very inherent in any ecosystem as they are the primary winding producers. Similarly, in national parks, plants remain the primary producers in ecosystems by their ability to produce biomass from the inorganic compounds found in the ecosystem. In most instances, these organisms are normally photosynthetic, a process by which they are to make their food and acquire energy. Yarlung Zangbo River has a number of primary producers that play a significant role in the production of energy tha t supplies the region. Yarlung Zangbo River has some of the most arresting scenery, made by the co-existence of different flowers and plants. Some of the plants fund in the region, both the endemic and the indigenous combine are usually of different kinds with some being big plants, flowering plants, and grasses as well. These different types includes Conifers scientifically known as Pinophyta, Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) as the common trees in the Yarlung River, Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), Fiddleneck (Amsinckia menziesii), and Woolly Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) as the flowering plants, and Cheat Grass (Bromus tectorum) and Orchard Grass (actylis glomerata) as the grass species in Yarlung River. Of all these plant species, Orchard Grass remains one of the greatest endangered species. Such a case has been attributed to its lend oneself for medicinal purposes by humans who then sneak into the park in search for the plant and garner it upon sight. This has made the plant one of the rarest plant species in

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Essay

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of human being Order - Essay ExampleHe avers that the secular ideologies be facing a new, serious curse of violence. The origin of this hidden volcano is between countries and cultures that base their traditions on religious faith and dogma. These limited meter of cultures have taken the center stage to influence and dominate the important events that have serious bearings. They are westbound, Eastern Orthodox, Latin American, Islamic, Japanese, Chinese, Hindu and African. Huntington argues, policymakers should take nonice of this development, while trying to interfere in the internecine affairs of another country. Rebuking U.S. in this regard Huntington says, In the emerging world of ethnic conflict and civilizational clash, Western belief in the globality of Western culture suffers three problems it is false it is immoral and it is dangerous . . . Imperialism is the requirement logical consequence of universalism.(Huntington, 199 8, p.310)What is the latent psychology of these cultural civilization groups that are part of a kingdom? Is this civilization identity conflict-oriented or friendship-oriented? Are they wiling to live in mutual co-operation or with hidden grudges? Is quick together as democratic citizens of one country are an act of compulsion? For the first eon in history global politics is both multipolar and multicivilizational modernization is distinct from Westernization and is producing neither a universal civilization in any destineingful sense nor the Westernization of non-Western societies. (p.20) The v exclusivelyey of these civilizations as perceived by Huntington is not all green His forthright views merit serious consideration, in the light of what actually is happening all over the world, especially in Muslim countries, and the countries suffering from Muslim factor. According to him modernization does not mean westernization. Economic progress clubbed with revival of religion is a dangerous combination. The

Health Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Health Economics - Essay ExampleThe health care system consists of both the people and the action they undertake, whose primary effort is to improve citizens health of a particular state. The potential stage setting of a healthcare system may include the public and private sectors as easily as a spectrum of providers as well as funders who may improve health. A full range of organizational form is more likely to be visible in a developed world healthcare delivery system (Aspalter, Uchida & Gauld, 2012, p.2).Modern healthcare systems are not all about delivering personal healthcare. The institutions that enjoin the provision of healthcare are concerned with mechanisms in which the individuals can access healthcare such as the earned insurance settlements and the social citizenship. They are also concerned with the mechanisms responsible for deciding the amount of resources allocated to financing the provision of health care services such as setting regulatory frameworks as well as governing via public management. Institutions governing the provision of healthcare include mechanisms for regulating hospitals such as a mix of differently owned hospitals and the amount of public regulation as well as regulation of doctors. This is especially different forms of private interest government (Giarelli, 2010). This is a reflection of the centrality of hospitals and doctors when it comes to the provision of healthcare (Giarelli, 2010, p.189).All the modern healthcare systems face common challenges. These challenges are due to globalization, rapid technological advancements, medical exam progress and changes in demography. Consequently, these systems have no option but to change the organization in the mien they it is governed and provide healthcare (Walshe & Smith, 2011, p.145).The health care system in the UK initially followed an insurance health flummox introduced in 1911 by Lloyd George (Walshe & Smith, 2011). At the time, many systems covered only the indust rial workers and

Stress Management in Law Enforcement Research Paper

stock forethought in Law Enforcement - Research Paper ExampleObjectiveThe Objective of this paper is to look into the grandeur of filter management in the unslopedice enforcement organizations and decoct on the implementation techniques by the integrity enforcement agencies in contrast to the private organizations for managing this menace for their employees performance.MethodologyStress Management is quite generic topic which is wide of the mark spread over various professions. There is no profession or social activity in which stress is not produced. However thither is an interaction among the people and there is a thinking cleverness of each someone that distinguishes one from an other, stress is there. Thus in order to approach the purpose of this paper, thirdhand research data is prominently used. There is a good material available online which needed to be carefully read and understood to extract the findings behind the main topic. Stress Management in law enforcem ent is interesting in the terms it has grown more important as the criminal activities around the earth are increasing nod thus more accountability surrounds the law enforcement personnel and police officers create a state of mental stress. In order to find out the implementation activities by law enforcement agencies in order to train their staff to effectively cope up with the stress produced in their passing(a) routine or in the cases of unpredictable incidents is studied through the journals and articles on this topic. As per Law Enforcement Stress Program, topics like anger management, self confidence, self esteem, performance stress accountability handling and relationship expression envelope the overall topic of stress management in law enforcement for which perception based strategies as well as action based strategies are employed. What is Stress? In any field, wherever there is a person to person contact, conflicts are the natural things to happen. People are reluctant to accept others opinions and the fact that every person is independent and different in terms of the perspective, he looks towards an electrical outlet creates conflicts. These conflicts are the primary reason of mental distress that we refer as stress. Stress keeps the person deprave in unwanted distress of mental state and therefore it runs the capability of a person to rivet or even think well-nigh a particular task. This advisedly affects the performance of a person in any activity he performs. This is also important to note that stress is not just an instantaneous state of the mind. Rather a mind can undergo stress that can affect the mental power and capability to focus for the lifetime. The state of stress keeps a person thinking about some particular issue with no direction and sometime even nothing is under focus but even then the mind is under stress. Mental stress does affect and propagates itself into physical stress too. Hence, a person under stress condition is u nable to perform his or her tasks with a think of addition input. There are various indications of persons who are under stress. However, these indications may differ from one person to another and also depend upon factors such as midland or external conditions. Some of these internal conditions are psychological pressure, cut-throat competition and incompetency issues. External conditions may be in the form of nerve-wracking conversations with colleagues, bosses,

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Globalization - Essay ExampleWith the decades or even centuries of other political views like communism, it is indeed a difficult task to educate a large group of people to adopt to a great change in their way of life sentence so that the process is given the time to take its full effect and not to be zip (Modelski 2007). Economic freedom could be the most important of the factors contributing to communist nations to consider being democratized and fanny be said to be the strongest driving force for a nation to undergo the process. Looking at democratic countries succeeding not only in their economy but also in their companionable affairs adds to the attraction to democratization as Modelski states as winning wars sans the mass killings. In addition, democracies work better. Where in that respect is peace and order, without the fear of committing mistakes and getting punished, a person surely works better and this is true in democratic countries as opposed to communist countries . Modelski also considers the factor of democracy knowing how to cooperate a strong motivation for the drive to democratization. Taking the psychological side of it, people who are given the freedom to have their rest and improve their working conditions are more productive and consequently improve the stinting situation of the nation they are in.

Marketing Communication of Adidas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Communication of Adidas - Essay ExampleThe firm that is analyzed in the paper is Adidas. Created in 1925 by Adolf Adi Dassler, Adidas has dominated the sports app bel and footwear market for over 80 years. Adidas started moody as a sports footwear company that designed special shoes for athletes, however, over the years Adidas spread out into sports goods as well. After its success in Germany Adidas expanded to the United States in 1968, and captured the American market in a matter of few years. Adidas success humankindwide can be attri stilled non only to its unmatched quality and innovation but also to its market strategies. Being a premier sports marking, Adidas has been prominent in the sports world at all levels which has been a huge success factor for the send. The broad product pass of Adidas has enabled it to capture a global market for itself the product categories include Football, Basketball, Running, Training and Outdoor sports. Customization and innova tion are key growth drivers for the mail. Adidas is identified with performance and in order to uphold that stag image it serves its consumers v performance benefits with its products which are designed to be faster, stronger, smarter, cooler and natural. Marketing communication plays a diametrical role when it comes to establishing brand name, consignment and engaging consumers. The marketing communication of Adidas seeks to achieve three main objectives creating brand awareness, identifying a need that the brand or product fulfills and finally encouraging action from the audience. It achieves these by employing unseamed marketing and communication leadership strategies, rendering authenticity through strategic partnerships and extending brand reach through endorsements and partnerships. A very important growth driver is the brands history with athletes and Global sports which has not only scored a favorable brand image but also brand awareness and loyalty in the Global aren a. Endorsements and sponsorships have been the central marketing communication tool of Adidas. By virtue of its nature, the brand has the power to dominate the world of sports through strategic partnerships and celebrity endorsements. The most crucial perhaps, have been endorsements by athletes such as Ian Thorpe, Andre Agassi, Kaka, Zidane, David Beckham et al who embody the brand image and product philosophy and consequently create very favorable attitudes in consumers towards the brand. The brand is, therefore, not only preferred by athletes across the world but also by ordinary consumers who have a passion for sports and who idolize those athletes. Another marketing tool of the brand is associating the brand philosophy to tangible outcomes. This not only renders legitimacy to the brand but also sensationalizes it and therefore leaves a very far reaching impact by creating a brand appeal that is second to none. The golden ball for instance was the official football for FIFA World Cup 2006. The brands association with major sporting events, leagues, clubs and sports associations as partner, sponsor and licensee has also been a central lynchpin in propping its marketing communication. Among many such associations some mention worthy partnerships and sponsorships include the

Chilean History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Chilean fib - Essay ExampleNot to get out of the topic, Perons main policies in this period were base on his being a close observer of the axis powers fascist leaders, and this expertness have been the reason he acquired the Napoleonic view of being a man of destiny. When it occurred to him that the axis powers were defeated, to him this revealed the hydrophobia of the foreign policy of the Argentine and this accomplished in him a conviction that he had a come up of avoiding the clear mistakes of Franco, Mussolini and Hitler in order to dive argentine to a great height. As often known, whatever dictator needs a bodyguard, and for this case when eyeing the office of the president, he assembled a band of followers from the course of action deist urban poor of the genus Argentina. In order to keep models of the Brown and black shirts, he went earlier labeling his followers No shirts with a reason that they lacked the white gentlemans shirt. This clearly indicated that he was ac quiring a way to middle ground between the communist and the fascist. Certainly, Peron was an ultra-nationalist who did not fear playing upon the mob s rivalry. He took return of the powers he possessed while a vice-president to attach himself to the working class. In the event, some military officers sensed that Peron was up to something and went ahead arresting him. In response to this, Peron raised proles wages and gave them a paid holiday. Certainly, it was a shrewd investment because it is a chance that her working girl used her beauty in rallying his supporters with giant mobs gathering chanting the slogan of releasing him. This was an advantage for him since though this, he was released, as well as elected president in 1946 elections forming the peronista party. The steps he took after assuming power is what has made him be remembered for transforming the leadership of Argentina. He first went ahead marrying his harlot Eva Peron with opposition being silenced by the band s of No shirts. He along with his team set up and established a full-fledged welfare state alongside granting women voting rights using Eva as the typesetters case of the crusades. Noting that the economic policies of the new regime were as bizarre as the Cultural Revolution of Mao, he went to let out various changes that cut across amicable, economic, and political. The prominent economic changes entailed freeing Argentina from the foreign dominance through investing heavily in industrialization. This he did by funding the first ever-scientific analysis of Argentinas Andes Mountains in which he discovered coal and precious metals. With a view to fund the exploration and the social program, he centralized control of imports and exports. In a period of ten years, the true rich Argentinas resources brought about a stunning social economic growth that actually defied the attempts of experts to attempt explaining it chthonic Juan Perons erratic policies. On a social ground, the leg acy of Nepoleon left a great characterization in Peron, in which case the two leaders viewed their people as those who cared little about their liberty, simply about the government goal to provide equality. He was called El Leader following his character that established him as being a good fascist and as a good socialist he provided higher wages, unionization, shorter working hours, paid vocations, free medical care, accident, old age, illness insurance, alongside improved admit to everyone. As a capitalist, he

Two Works Of Art Essay Example for Free

Two Works Of guile EssayItaly experienced a great trick boom in the early fifteenth century, or as Italians themselves travel to it Quattrocento. This especially concerns the trick of moving setting, deeply affected by changes, inspi rose-cheeked by approaching conversion. It is hard to say, that paintings of that time belonged to pure Renaissance, however, their bolt already could not be attributed to earlier chivalric. The transition period generated a number of painters and entire painting schools from each i of them with its own original manner.This paper is to compare and examine the similarities and differences between the paintings of Gentile da Fabriano (1370-1427), as jibeative of late Gothic iconographic painting and Paolo Ucello (1397-1475), whose paintings more than likely include Renaissance trends. Fabrianos enthronement of the stark(a) (1420) and Ucellos bloody shame and tyke (1470) shall be taken as examples. Both paintings hobo be found in the The J. Paul Getty Trust m affairum, Los Angeles, California.The theme of coronation of Virgin Mary by her Son deliverer as Queen of Heaven was quite popular in the medieval painting. some all the mechanics of the time, including Michele Giambono Lorenzo Monaco and later Raphael and Velasques fuddle once tried to depict this event1. Fabriano himself turned to it for a few times. The Coronation being described here belongs to one of his late paintings and should not be confused with the nigh noted Coronation of the Virgin and angels, painted in 1400.The style of the Coronation of the Virgin, painted by poster paint and luxurious leaf on panel may be called both Gothic and Renaissance. It can be noticed, that Fabriano has been strongly influenced by the Byzantine style, which has been accepted in Southern Europe for many centuries2, and made artists paintings in a style similar to Orthodox icons of Byzantium and Russia.The main characteristics of such combined style, a lot cal led International Gothics, are the strict situation of figures and groups, flat plain background and absence of perspective, special doctor of brightly opposeing colors, including usually chickenhearted, golden, red and blue, as well as vivid symbolism of each object, being depicted. Especially the Italian Gothic, which arose in during the second quarter of the fourteenth century, is characterized by balanced forms and a grave mannerism. Figures are painted against monochrome or gold backgrounds in a formula that fluid hints at a third dimension, but never shows it. Nevertheless, this style appeared to be much more realistic, than the one of earlier centuries.This panel of saviour crowning his mother, Mary, originally formed the front of a two-sided prosodion standard carried in religious ceremonies in Gentiles native town of Fabriano. In this shimmering image, Gentile makes effective use of the multifactorial patterning and wealth of surface ornamentation that is characteri stic of the International Gothic style and that recalls the rich fabrics weave in Florence.Madonna and child, painted by Paolo Ucello 50 years later by poster color on panel demonstrates a breakaway from international Gothic and turning to Renaissance. Ucello belongs to painters, who first started experimenting with one of the prefatorial elements of new art style linear prospective. This even caused the famous Italian expert of arts Vazari to call Ucello an eccentric and add, that he has been intoxicated by prospective. At the video we can see the green meadows, yellow fields and blue skies, spreading up to horizon behind Virgins back. In contrast to Byzantium and Gothic art, which is almost always frozen out of time and space, now it is possible to disc everywhere the place, time of year and often even time of day, which brings an element of action and development to the painting, although prospective still remains more an element of decoration.The new style is also character ized by increased volume of figures, and a depth of emotion which suggests human feeling instead of static and passive icons3. The medieval tradition of use religious subjects is now combined with classical ideals of the human figure and an increased interest in depict nature. In contrast to International Gothic, the colors become more varied and not so dramatic, with more overtones being used.Coronation of the Virgin belongs to one of the few surviving Fabrianos masterpieces, since most of his early paintings and frescos have been destroyed4. Gentiles most famous surviving works were made during a short but influential bide in Florence in the 1420s, where he probably encountered the austere realism of his younger contemporary Masaccio.This golden picture is almost entirely taken up by the symmetrical figures of the seated Christ on the right, placing a bejeweled golden crown on the inclined head of the Virgin Mary, who sits on the left, her hands crossed over her chest. Above t hem, centered in the rays of a golden sunburst, hovers a white dove with grey-tipped wings and design a halo. Standing below and beside the figures, three miniature angels are aligned in two upended rows.The Christ is wearing a medieval-style tunic of gold gathered at the waist by a narrow golden sash. The garment is embroidered with five-pointed golden stars, surrounded by stars of blue, and encircled by red stars. fall from his shoulders as he raises his arms is a rich burgundy gown bordered in patterned gold, pusher vines with golden leaves and five-petaled golden flowers with hearts of blue. The Virgins gown, which she holds close to her, has tightly-clustered seven-petaled floral pinwheels of gold over a background of kingly blue.Behind the two figures, from their shoulders down, flows a patterned dark green tapestry reminiscent of Christs robe with its five-pointed snowflakes of red and gold. The figures and the background, absent of depth, are laid virtually flat against each another. Standing in the lower corners on either side, the angels, partially obscuring each other in descending columns, look upward toward the figures of Mary and Christ, their lips expand in song, their hands holding an unfurled white parchment ribbon with musical notes and Latin words that trend in and out of cod.The hands and faces of the principal figures are painted realistically in a gray-headed pink, making their skin ashen, and their placid, almost expressionless features, look otherworldly, in great contrast to the richly-tooled golden crown, the raised halos, and opulent, embellished fabrics. Presiding over all this, Christs uplifted hands, in the moment between setting the crown and blessing the Virgin Mary, are set against a broad sheet of pure gold that rises behind the figures until it vanishes under a gilded arch of carved leaves supported by spiral columnsan ornately-carved wooden frame with which we view the coronation.To create a sumptuous surface rese mbling tapestry, Gentile da Fabriano used extensive tooling, decorative patterning, gold leaf, and rich pigments. Considerable features of International Gothic Style can be noticed on the painting, including complex patterning, elaborate materials, and long flowing lines of the robes of the Madonna and Christ5. At the time the gold-encrusted panel functioned as a prosodion standard held aloft in parades that honored the Virgin Mary and originally depicted The Stigmatization of Saint Francis on the reverse.The centre of the composition is formed by the hands of Saviour, raised to bless his Mother and lay a crown on her head, which contrasts to the painting of Ucello, where centre is formed by faces of Mary and Christ. The two pictures represent different approaches towards position of head and spirits of the figures.The Gothic style pays almost no attention to eye contact of the depicted person with a viewer, and the eyes of the Saints are always in a way divert. In Fabrianos cas e the Virgin is looking down, vailing before her Son, while Jesus is looking instanter at Mary. In contrast, the painting by Ucello brings in a brilliant example of fresh Renaissance relationship between the figure and the spectator. His Mary and Child are looking closely at the spectator and it seems, that they are trying to see that what is behind his outlook and spot his soul.Both paintings are deeply symbolic. The most recognizable Fabrianos symbol is, definitely, the white dove over Madonnas head, stand for the set apart Spirit, descending upon her. The red color of the gown, falling down from Christs shoulders, is a symbol of His oblation to the humanity and its green backing, noticeable on top, is to point on the Resurrection. Finally, the golden color of Jesus tunic is to prove him as the Heavenly King. The clothes of the Virgin are depicted golden and blue, symbolize divinity, combined with purity and faith. The nimbuses of both figures are almost invisible in the golde n light, streaming through heaven.The symbolism of Ucellos Madonna is not so sophisticated as Gothic one. The divine Child is depicted, holding his mothers clothes with his fingers, which is to hint the connection between them. The nimbuses of both figures differ, since the nimbus of Christ includes a cross a traditional element of earlier iconographic schemes. This cross is red, once again symbolizing Christs Oblation6.In the years which passed between the creation of these two paintings, the ideas of humanism changed the view to humans body. Fabriano covered the corpses of both figures with reach adorable dresses, leaving no space to any incarnate features. In contrast, Ucellos Madonna and Child displays a type of hushed beauty lost with the approach of the High Renaissance style in Italy. Her face and the body of the child are still gruesome and far from Raphaels vision, however, the Maid is depicted as a beautiful woman with golden hair, visual aspect from under her modest mantle.While Fabriano used medieval monochromic background, Ucello is one of the first artists, who used adorn to underline prospective in three well-rounded dimensions. Painting now becomes a window on the physical world rather than merely the spiritual one. In an effort to open up the scene, the artist from Paolo Uccellos workshop placed a landscape behind the Virgin and Christ. Instead of trying to show depth, however, the countryside only forms a pattern of almost abstract trees and zigzags. The resulting design has a flatness and regularity that subtly enlivens the picture and complements the elusive three-dimensionality of the figure group.Summarizing the overstated one can say that the two discussed may be found both similar and difficult. They are noticeable examples of corresponding painting styles namely International Gothic and Early Renaissance. Being connected by the religious topic and symbolic filling, they differ in attitude between the characters and the spectato r, the special position of figures and attempt to use a prospective in the later work, as well as use of more pigments and tones.It should be pointed, that Ucellos perspective studies were to influence the Renaissance art treatises of artists such as Piero della Francesca, Leonardo da Vinci, and Albrecht Drer7. Due to the changed attitude and eye contact, Jesus and Madonna by Ucello seem to be much closer to us and more human, than Jesus and Madonna by Fabriano, which embodies the ideals of upcoming era of Renaissance.REFERENCESBernhard Berenson., The Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance. 2nd new(a) York G. P. Putnams Sons, 1909Germain Bazin., Italian Painting in the XIVth and XVth Centuries. stark naked York French and European Publications, 1938Michael Levey., A Concise History of Painting From Giotto to Cezanne. clean York Frederick A. Praeger, 1962Linda Murray, Peter Murray., The Art of the Renaissance. New York Praeger, 1963Frank Jewett Mather Jr., A History of Italia n Painting. New York Henry Holt, 19231 Bernhard Berenson., The Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance. 2nd ed. New York G. P. Putnams Sons, 1909, at p. 1312 Germain Bazin., Italian Painting in the XIVth and XVth Centuries. New York French and European Publications, 1938, at p. 263 Bernhard Berenson., supra note, at p. 1334 Michael Levey., A Concise History of Painting From Giotto to Cezanne. New York Frederick A. Praeger, 1962 at p. 445 Linda Murray, Peter Murray., The Art of the Renaissance. New York Praeger, 1963, at p. 2576 Germain Bazin., supra note at p. 297 Frank Jewett Mather Jr., A History of Italian Painting. New York Henry Holt, 1923, at p. 144

The British involvement Essay Example for Free

The British involvement EssayDuring the archaean stages of the airlift, the British committed around 150 C-47 Dakotas and 40 Avro Yorks to the cause of the airlift. The Dakotas and the Yorks were built by 10 myopic Sunderland and Short Hythe flying boats in July. By July 18, the Royal Air Force planes were already airlifting more than 5,000 lots of affiliate supplies of goods every day. The flying boats were specifically used in transporting bulk salt because salt would let proven too corrosive when loaded in the other types of planes being used in the airlift. They were flying to the Havel river from their outset point at the Elbe near Hamburg.Sometime in November 1948, the British airlift fleet was further reinforced by several Handley Page Hastings aircraft. The Royal Air Force was able to land 100,000 tons of assorted supplies in Berlin by mid-December (Berlin banish). The Negotiations During the early days of the airlift, the allied forces were worried that it might eventually fail. So as an alternative, ambassadors from the Allied countries decided to negotiate with Stalin. During the duologues, Stalin demanded that the Allies withdraw their Deutschmark and replaced by the eastern governs Ostmark.In addition, Stalin demanded that the future of Germany should a crap be taken up. However, the emissaries from the Allied camp told him that although they were open to duologue as far as the issue of the currency was concerned, the future of Germany or specifically the creation of a air jacket German state was non-negotiable. However, Stalin did not give in to the Allied demands because he sincerely believed that the Berlin Blockade would succeed and force the allies to negotiate. Even the get together Nations attempted to mediate among the ii camps to no avail (Wilde).However, although the airlift continued to be a success, Clay still saw a latent danger. He expressed his desire for a continued thrust towards achieving a diplomatic solution to the Berlin problem. harmonize to him, the airlift would only add to the prestige of the Western Powers as long as diplomatic avenues to gain a settlement continued. His view was shared by Dean Acheson of the State part. In fact, the State surgical incision was already exercising an initiative of its own without informing even Clay in Germany about it for certification reasons.The State Department initiative was anchored on Stalins remark which he made to Kingsbury Smith concerning the hypothesis of lifting the blockade. Based on said remark, a State Department initiative was started through private carry without the knowledge of the American officials in Berlin. It was also hidden from the French and British. Only President Truman, Dean Acheson, and selected officials of the Department of State knew of the initiative (Giangreco and Griffin a).Acheson chose Philip Jessup, then deputy chief of the United States Mission to the United Nations in New York to serve as his private channel. Jessup was given the instruction of discreetly contacting Jacob Malik, the United Nations representative of the USSR, and conduct him whether Stalins omission of the Berlin currency problem in his answer to Smith was significant. The first contact between the two men took place on February 15, 1949, and after only a month, Malik informed Jessup that the omission was not accidental. Based on this response, discreet inquiries followed between the two men.They discussed the possible conditions that would influence Stalin to lift the blockade. According to Malik, a possible condition would be if a meeting of a Council of Foreign Ministers could be definitely plan for the purpose of discussing the German question in its entirety (Giangreco and Griffin a). Aside from the Jessup-Malik negotiation, several negotiations of critical grandeur were also going on during the early part of 1949. One of these concerned the pact creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).W hen the NATO pact was ready for signature, the foreign ministers of Great Britain and France went to Washington sometime during the first week of April, 1949 for the signing ceremony. It was only then and there that they were informed of the discussion which was taking place between Jessup and Malik. The two foreign ministers then gave their authority to Jessup to speak for their behalf. On April 5, Jessup advised Malik that the governments of the United States, Great Britain, and France were aware that their mystifying discussions only concerned two points.The first is the simultaneous lifting of the blockade and counterblockade imposed by the western powers. The other is the fixing of the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting aimed at discussing the German problem. However, Jessup also informed Malik that the preparations being made by the three countries for the creation of a West German state would not be postponed or hang up before the meeting of the Council of Foreign Minist ers could be held (Giangreco and Griffin a).On April 8, the Western Powers issued a communique concerning their intellect with regards the creation of West German state. Two days after this, Jessup was informed by Malik that it was the understanding of the USSR that the West German state would not be created before or during the scheduled Council of Foreign Ministers meeting. However, Jessup was instructed to reject as diplomatically as possible the interpretation of the USSR.However, part of his instruction was to inform Malik that if the USSR acted quickly, the provisional West German state could not yet be established before the meeting of the council, explaining that several steps would have to be taken before such a state could be established (Giangreco and Griffin a). The negotiation between Jessup and Malik continued throughout the last week of April. However, flare-ups occurred which threatened the diplomatic settlement to lift the blockade. For instance, the British wante d specificity regarding the restrictions to be lifted and written agreement on Western Power access to Berlin. The United States, on the other hand, with the support of the French, wanted the issuance of a broad statement on lifting restrictions and still on access. The Americans did not want to be specific because of the experience of the Military Governor whose negotiation with the Russians during the early part of September of 1948 bogged down because of his insistence of specifics. After being made to understand of this risk, the British last agreed to do away with the specifics (Giangreco and Griffin a).

Fpi Assignment Essay Example for Free

Fpi Assignment EssaySummary The report is regarding to the know leadge of analyzing the accountancy data of a listed c eacher-up, using the various accounting information that provided to identify and poll the competitiveness and force of the listed union. Besides, in order to examine the reliability of the data provided, analysis of the balance sheet and income statement is required. The pecuniary information potty be obtained from the one- course of instruction reports of Harbour-Link pigeonholing Berhad.In addition, the report is required to include the top-down approach which consists of Economic analysis, intentness analysis and Fundamental analysis to analyze the listed partnership in the signalise of view for investors. Table of Content 1. Introduction 1. Objectives 2. depth psychology of the statement of fiscal position, the statement of fiscal accomplishment and cash flow statement. 1. pecuniary Analysis ratio Asset efficiency ratio Capital coordinate ratio Liquidity Ratio Profitability Ratio Sh be footing 3. Economic Analysis 4. Industry Analysis . Conclusion 6. Findings 7. References Introduction In this report, Harbour-Link grouping Berhad is chosen among the listed companies. Harbour-Link throng Berhad is an investment holding come with which provides merchant marine, forwarding and transportation, plant and machinery hiring, and engineering contract usefulnesss primarily in Malaysia and Singapore. Harbour-Link assort Berhad was founded in the course of study of 1975 and it is based in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. It was officially listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad in the class of 2004.Today, Harbour-Link meetings success lies in its strong foundation of expertise in the industry and its ability to established the company as a reputable brand-name within the shipping, sea freight forwarding and transportation industries. Objectives 1. To identify the sources of property, Balance Sheet and profit or loss of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad. 2. To analyze accounting data of Harbour-Link Group Berhad to examine its financial functioning using Financial Performance Indicators (ratio analysis) 3.To analyze the deliverance status, competitors within the same industries and evaluate the operating efficiencies of the listed company. 4. To examine the competitiveness and efficiency of the listed company by using the various accounting information provided. Financial Analysis Financial analysis ratios be used to examine the financial performance of a company in which it pull up stakes be reflected in the ratios calculated. (Giles et al, 1994, p. 371) Asset efficiency Ratios Asset dollar volume ratio From the data calculated, the summation overthrow ratio for the financial year of 2008, 2009 and 2010 ar 109. 9%, 92. 12% and 79. 65%. This indicates that the Harbour-Link Group Berhad is not doing well in the sales of the products or services because the asset derangement ratio is decreasi ng from year to year. Debtor turnover (in days) Debtor turnover is the debtor collection period of a company. Harbour-Link Group Berhad had a debtor turnover of 73 days in the year of 2008. In the year of 2009, the debtor turnover is 77 days. However, its debtor turnover is decreased to 71 days. This reflects that the possibility of heedlessness risk for the debtors is decreasing.In fact, this is a good thing in a company. Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover measures how many quantify the company plenty sell through its record for each year. In the year of 2008, Harbour-Link Group has an inventory turnover of 163 sentences. The turnover increased to 212 times in the financial year of 2009 but the inventory turnover decreased to 127 times in the year of 2010. This reflects that the company tush sell better in the year of 2009 but it dropped tremendously in the year of 2010. Capital structure Ratio Debt to loveliness ratioThe debt to law ratio of Harbour-link Group Berhad i s decreasing from the year of 2008 to 2010 by 2%. This is caused by the reducing of total liabilities and the change magnitude of the total equity. Time interest earned The times-interest-earned ratio allows a lender to evaluate the companys ability to meet its debt obligation. It is a ratio of the earning before interest and tax over the interest expenses. The time interest earned has a slightly increased from the year of 2008 to year 2009 but it has a long decrease in ratio amount from the year of 2009 to year 2010.This marrow that in the year of 2010, Harbour-Link Group Berhad have lesser earnings are available to meet the interest payments and this makes the company to be much vulnerable to the increases in the interest prises. Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratio is the ratio that is used to examine the fluidity of a company. It includes Current Ratio Current ratio is the ratio of authentic assets to current liabilities. Harbour-link Group Berhad has it current ratio decreas ing from the year of 2008 to 2010. Its current ratios are 1. 90, 1. 76 and 1. 57 respectively. The ratio is decreased by 14% and 19%.The data is calculated as shown in the findings. Liquid Ratio Liquid ratio is the ratio of (current assets-inventory) to (current liabilities-bank overdraft). Harbour-Link Group Berhad has acquires so there is bank overdraft existed and thats why it is classifies as a debt financial backing organization. The company has a laid-backer liquid ratio of 2. 34 in the year of 2010 compared to the year of 2008 and 2009 which is 1. 88 and 1. 75 respectively. The liquid ratio of the 3 financial years exceeded 1 and this indicates that the current assets are greater than the current liabilities.Higher liquid ratio reflects better performance of the company. doughwork work Capital Net working capital is the difference between current assets and the current liabilities. In the three financial years, Harbour-Link Group Berhad has the highest light up working capital of RM 51. 4 one thousand million in the year of 2008. The sort of exonerate working capital for Harbour-link Group Berhad decreased in the year of 2009 and 2010 by 0. 43% and 12. 32% respectively. This shows that there is a drastic drop in the net working capital of year 2010. Profitability Ratios EBIT to total finances ratioEBIT to total funds ratio of Harbour-Link Group Berhad is decreasing in the range of 22% from the financial year of 2008 to 2009 and 21. 4% from the financial year of 2009 to 2010. The total funds consist of handleholders funds and borrowings. agree to the annual report, Harbour-Link Group Berhad is practicing debt-financing to raise funds because there is borrowing existed. Return on fair play (ROE) Harbour-link Group shows a decrease in net income from year 2008 to 2010. This emplacement leads to the decrease in the return on equity (ROE) of 5%.In the financial year of 2010, it has the ROE of 0. 08 which indicates that for e real RM1 of the cap ital that the shareholder invested into, they will depart 8% of return. Return on Assets The return on assets measures the productivity of assets in terms of the level of cyberspace each dollar of assets generates. (Karen D. H, 2004, p. 131) The return on assets of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad is decreasing from the financial year of 2008 to 2010. It decreased from 8% of year 2008 to 7% in the year of 2009 and then 5% in the year of 2010.This implies that the productivity of the companys assets is not doing well in terms of profits that the assets generated. Net Profit Margin The net profit margin is the ratio of net profit after tax to the total taxs. In the financial year of 2008 and 2009, Harbour-Link Group Berhad has the net profit margin figure of 8%. It indicates that the company has a net income of RM0. 08 for each RM1 of sales. However, the net profit margin for the year of 2010 decreased by 2% which is only 6% in the financial year. This shows that for every RM1 of sale s made by the company in year 2010, the net income is only RM0. 6 which is RM0. 02 lower than the previous year. Share Price Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E) Price to Earning ratio is calculated by using the share charge of the year 2010 over the earnings per share. The marketplace price of Harbour-Link Group Berhad was amounted to RM 0. 72 in the year of 2010. From the annual report of the financial year of 2010, the earning per share is RM 0. 11. By using the formulae, the price to earning per share of 2010 is calculated as shown in the table with a figure of RM 6. 825. Current Economic Analysis Roots of Global financial crisisGlobal financial crisis are unremarkably caused by bad regulation of the banking sectors, failure of fiscal and monetary policy implemented and so forth. In the year of 2008, Financial crisis began with the declared of bankruptcy of Lehman Brformer(a)s Holdings Inc. which is the fourth largest investment bank in United States. It was a severe ongoing orb fi nancial problem that began in U. S in the year of 2008. This receding has entirely hitting on the fragile global economy with the tremendous devastation in countries all around the ball. The U.S organisation was trying to point the finger of the financial crisis to the rating agencies, who knew about the great risk that was coming but kept giving high reliability ratings to companies that did not deserve them and therefrom investors invested in the wrong companies. The cause of the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc was the accumulation of debt and the increasing of loan defaults. Why it evolved into a human beings crisis The news on bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Company led to the drastic fall in the share price all over the world.The company had billions of dollars losses incurred in the mortgage market of United States. (BBC NEWS, 16th kinsperson 2008) In Lehman Brothers case and the other investment banks, the problem was provoked by 2 major factors which are the v ery high level of supplement ratio and the dependence on short-term debt financing. Commercial banks cannot leverage their equity more than 15 to 1 as they are regulated but for Lehman Brothers Company, it had a leverage ratio of more than 30 to 1. According to the table 1, Lehman Brothers had only $3. 30 of equity for every $ cytosine of loans. With this ratio, it makes the company to be insolvent.Conversely, the instability arose from the leverage problem was aggravated by the strong reliance on the short term debt. Based on table 1(Lehman Brothers Liabilities and shareholders equity), at the beginning of the crisis, the company financed greater than 50% of the assets. Reliance on short term debt financing is profitable indeed when it comes to a low interest rate market environment. However, when the company faced rumors of the insolvency problem, the short term lenders will out to have doubt on the companys performance and therefore, they will start to withdraw their funds from the company for self interest protection.This scenario will lead to a shortage of liquidity for the borrower and thus the company tends to default. After the crisis began, Lehman Brothers did try to decrease its leverage and reduce its dependence on the short term borrowing but it was too late for them to amend the situation and therefore, bankruptcy occurred. The bankruptcy of Lehmans brother compel the reassessment of risk in the market by looking at the price of the credit default trades. Impact on Malaysia and world economies The crisis started in the year of 2008 had a great hit on Malaysia and world economies.It causes the gas price had a drastic drop, decreasing of the value of real estates, the increasing of unemployment rate, Federal debt crisis and inflation. there is a global explosion in commodities price. The price of crude oil was remaining at high levels for few years till the end of 2008, the crude oil price dropped from the peak in July 2008 of US$145 to US$30. 2 8 per barrel in December 2008. (Forbes, 2008) According to the findings in table 2, the unemployment rate of Malaysia increased by 3. 13% from the year of 2008 to 2009 and 12. 12% from the year of 2009 to 2010.Malaysian future economic At first, Malaysia was aiming to have 9% of average annual Growth domesticated Product (GDP) until 2020. Suddenly, according to the Economic be after Unit, the government noted that the number is absurd then they changed and told that Malaysia was capable to hand 5. 4% of Growth Domestic Product (GDP) annually over the next 10 years to achieve the objective of becoming a high income economy by 2020, which is the vision 2020 (East Asia Forum, 2009). These seem that Malaysias economic future is uncertainty. It keeps changing.Besides, Malaysias government has a close relationship with its private businesses. Because of the relationship with some business groups have ostensibly led to the emergence of political cronies with unlimited access to public r esources. Not only the relationship that mention preceding(prenominal) but also the experience of neighbouring Indonesia shows that it is a dangerous trend that could cast outly affect economic teaching in the future. In this matter, changes in political leadership led to unstable political environment. Although it does not at a time effect on Malaysia, it threatens he influx of refugees caused damage regional stability and social stability. Malaysias ocean economy can be defined as the production and manner of use of the range of goods and services that are linked to the maritime sector (Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman, 1997). It covers the activities that are resource based, including fisheries, oil and gas, marine biotechnology and those that are service based such as shipping ports, shipbuilding and repair and the myriad range of ancillary maritime services ( ocean Institute of Malaysia,2005).Malaysias main concern is the future of marine economy of the future of Malaysian trade, because the countrys alien and domestic trade, or even almost totally dependent on sea transport facilities. From this we can know that it will have a very bright prospect in maritime economy. If Malaysia is to achieve the goals of industrialization, productivity-driven growth and enhancing competitiveness will depend on how the maritime sector is managed. The maritime sector has a main role to play in enhancing productivity-driven growth. An Copernican element that will affect efforts to sustain world(prenominal) competitiveness is productivity.But, for longer term, Malaysia will need to maintain its international competitiveness, since there is rising competition from other emerging markets for Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and for the transfer of modern technologies. Environmental issues are also important for Malaysia in the longer term as deforestation and global climate change may destabilize the countrys agriculture, which all the same plays an important role in the n ational economy. What is the most important is the political will effect a change to system-centred thinking in planning the future of the economy. So, a stable political environment is very important to Malaysia.If the political environment of Malaysia is good, it will have a bright future of economy. Solutions to the Global Financial Crisis or crises in general. Banks and financial institutions can cause a downswing of an economy because of their ignorance of the business cycle. Besides, bankers are greedy with the fat bonuses that they will gain if they get the highest market shares results. When the economy is doing well, they expect that there will be no recession problem is going to occur and therefore they will give loans to their customers without considering their customers affordability to reward the loans.Once their customers cannot afford to repay the loans, recession will occurs. To overcome these crisis problems, several steps can be used. Government and bankers often intervene to smooth the peaks and valleys of the economic cycle. There are two objectives that the government and bankers can do to prevent serious downswing of an economy. 1) Speedy intervention to prevent a self-perpetuating downward spiral, which means protecting depositors at minimal long term cost to the taxpayer.For example, the Federal reserve may stamp down the money supply in good times to slow the expansion phase of the economic cycle, or deficit spend and cut interest rates to ease the recessionary phase of an economic cycle. 2) pick up so far as possible that future booms are less exaggerated. This has implications for the form of any delivery package, and for the system of financial oversight that is put in place. The growth of consumer credits will increase the inlet of the consumer. The increase in the consumption will increase the aggregate demand of the country whereby AD equals to C + I + G + (X-M). Mc Taggart et al, 2007 p. 766). When the AD is increasing, it means that GDP is also increasing. This shows that the consumer credits provided will also be increased and therefore people will keep on borrowing money from the banks for consumption. This situation actually can amplify the business cycle and extend the upswing of the economy. Industry analysis The domestic and the world economy were in a downturn in the year of 2009. All the industry was affected and they are making an effort to maintain their previous performance and growth momentum. In the year of 2009, Harbour-Link Group Berhad suffered revenue declined by 5. 9% to RM 327. 6 million. The revenue decreased again by 5. 76% to RM 308. 7 million compare to the previous year due to lower selling prices and softer consumer demand. One of the Company competitors, Swee Joo Berhad was also suffered by achieved a turnover of RM 346. 7 million which is 9. 9% lower than the previous financial period. The lower turnover was also impacted by the recovery state for the economy. Swee Joo Ber had has a reduce in current ratio from 0. 648 to 0. 278 which seems to be lower than that of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad and therefore Harbour-link seems to have a better current ratio.Swee Joo Berhad has a negative figure for its Earnings before interest and tax of -11. 32 million and -176. 82 million in the year of 2009 and 2010. This is a huge loss for the company. It shows that Harbour-Link has a better performance than its major competitor, Swee Joo Berhad. Although the economy showed signs of recovery, but most of the economists hold that the sustained global recovery is still vague. This situation greatly influenced the consumers spending behavior. According to the Edge, Harbour-Link Unit obtained the secured contracts of RM75. 2 to supply gantry cranes for the Bintulu Port Sdn Bhd.The contracts were expected to be done in the year of 2012 and its also expected to escalate the future revenue and earnings positively for Harbour-Link Group Berhad. (The Edge, 11 April 2011) Th ere are several ways for the companies to perform better during this hard period. However, the suppliers are also important causes which will affect the company performance. Although Harbour-Link Group Berhad suffered lower revenue during the year, however, it obtained quite a number of freehand projects with a favorable amount of contracts worth which is believed to boost the revenues for the future of the company itself.This scenario will assist Harbour-Link Group Berhad to create a stronger visibility and allow it to be well positioned for the economic recovery. Findings pic Table 1 shows Lehman Brothers Liabilities and Shareholders Equity origination Lehman Annual Reports Year Unemployment Rate Percentage Change 2006 3. 60 2007 3. 50 -2. 78% 2008 3. 20 -8. 7% 2009 3. 30 3. 13% 2010 3. 50 12. 12% Table 2 shows the unemployment rate in Malaysia Source CIA World Factbook Conclusion In conclusion, although the Harbour-Link Group Berhad has a downturn in its overall performa nces in the financial year of 2009 and 2010 as the results shown in the findings, but it has a better performance than its main competitor, Swee Joo Berhad in the shipping industries.The Harbour-Link Group Berhad is overall well organized in its financial statements as shown in the annual reports and it can be categorized as a profitable and successful listed company in Malaysia. On the situation of investors, Harbour-link is counted as a good investment company and therefore investors are advised to consider Harbour-link Group Berhad as one of their investment company because the company has a good expectation to have a huge increase in its future economic benefits.The future economy of Malaysia is expected to have a good return and therefore this ensure that Harbour-Link Group Berhad is a wise investment for the future benefits. References Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman, 1997, The Maritime Economy of Malaysia, Pelanduk Publication BBC News, 16 September 2008, http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/h i/business/7615931. stm Bursa Malaysia 2010- Equities, Bursa Malaysia Berhad, viewed on 26 April 2011 http//www. bursamalaysia. com/website/bm/market_information/prices/ East Asia Forum, Malaysias Economic Future, view on 1 May 2011, http//www. eastasiaforum. org/2009/11/24/malaysias-economic-future/Encyclopedia of the Nations, Malaysia- Future Trends, viewed on 2 May 2011, http//www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia-FUTURE-TRENDS. hypertext mark-up language Forbes 2008- Crude Oil Prices 1861 2009, Forbes. com 2010, viewed on28 April 2011, http//www. forbes. com/2008/05/13/oil-prices-1861-today-real-vs-nominal_flash2. html Giles, R Capel, J 1994, Finance and accounting, 3rd Edition, MacMillan, London Harbour-Link Group Berhad 2011, harbour. com. my Total Logistics EPCC Provider N. V 20092010, Harbour-Link Group Berhad, viewed on 22 April 2011, http//www. harbour. om. my/ Karen D. Halpern, 2004, Understanding Finance Money, Capital and investments, Pearson, New Jersey. Maritime Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia and Port Competitiveness, 2005 Mc Taggart et al, 2007, Macroeconomics, 5th Edition, Pearson, Australia The Edge Financial Daily, 11 April 2011 viewed on 24 April 2011. http//www. theedgemalaysia. com/ The Star Online 2011- Market watch, Star Publications (M) Berhad, viewed on 24 April 2011, http//biz. thestar. com. my/marketwatch/charts/l. asp? code=2062HARBOURp1=0. 99p2=0. 985p3=0. 99p4=0. 985p5=0. 99p6=0p7=0. 00p8=915p9=0. 532

High school Essay Example for Free

High train EssayTamil Nadu is regarded to be superstar of Indias star performers in the sector of elementary education. The results of the 2001 Census show that Tamil Nadu has deliver the goods third position behind Kerala and Maharashtra both in terms of overall and female literacy. It recorded wet to 100 per cent gross enrolment ratio (GER) at primary and upper primary levels found on 2007 estimates. A major legislative effort for the universalisation of education in line with the constitutional jurisprudence has been the introduction of the Tamil Nadu Compulsory Education Act, 1994. Under this Act it is the duty of the governance to provide the necessity infrastructure (schools and discoverers) for ensuring universalisation of elementary education. P argonnts are as well liable to be fined if they do not send their wards to school, though this rule is not very strictly enforced as most of the children not going to school come from silly backgrounds. Tamil Nadus nob le enrolment statistics are also the result of the issue of welfare schemes that the State authorities has introduced in the elementary education sector. The large number of missionary and semiprivate schools are also p reclineing a role in the spread of education.The government provides textbooks, uniforms and noon meals to the pupils do it a State where the per child spending is much higher than in educationally backward States much(prenominal) as Bihar, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and differents and is higher than the all-India average. The State is making an endeavor to provide primary schools within a unmatched km radius of human habitations with a population of 300 and above to increase their accessibility. It is also a State that has actually spent most of the funds allocated to it by the Centre under the SSA scheme, in pedigree to States like UP, Bihar and Assam that ingest huge unspent amounts.Tamil Nadu students stood first in the country in mathematics, lin guistic process and reading comprehension skills agree to the national mid-term achievement survey of Class III children commissioned by the NCERT in collaboration with the MHRD and the SCERT and SSA wings of the States recently. But it has come to light that local bodies like corporations and municipalities are not undecomposedy utilizing money collected as education tax as a percentage of retention tax under the Tamil Nadu Elementary Education Act and this is affecting the quality and touchstone of white-tie education provision at the grassroots level.While the general literacy step in Tamil Nadu as per 2001 data is 73. 5%, wide disparities exist across districts, gender, and area of residence as well as social classing. The literacy rate of the SC and ST populations are consistently lower in all the districts. The retention rate within and after the primary school level is also not very impressive and there is a high percentage of repeaters. This is particularly so in the case of the STs and SCs.It is to overcome this discrepancy betwixt education offered in different kinds of schools, between rural and urban schools and to overcome other numerous ills that have crept into the education establishment of rulessuch as arbitrary collection of fees, induction of daily waged, inadequately drug-addicted para teachers, rote learning, examination stress, problems related to the medium of instruction and so onthat the State government constituted the Muthukumaran commissioning, which submitted its report in 2007.This committee had the mandate to work out a framework of a uniform pattern of education in Tamil Nadu and to make recommendations for improving its quality. The report of the Committee recommends lone around(prenominal) one autonomous mount, The Tamil Nadu State Secondary nurture Education Board, instead of the existing quad State level boardsMatriculation, Anglo-Indian, Oriental and State Board.Schools coming under this integrated Board wo uld follow a popular syllabus ensuring an equitable school education in the State not conferring any unwarranted advantages with regard to admission into higher educational institutions for students completing their school education from one particular Board. honorable standard education is to be provided by a Common School or Neighbourhood School system, which with uniform syllabi would help to decommercialise educational institutions and put an end to many a private management that does not feel sufficiently accountable to smart set in this crucial sector.The spiraling cost of education starting at the nursery level is cementing caste-class and rural-urban divisions. A common school system using the mother applauder as a medium of instruction would make equal education accessible to all without discrimination. A common school system also means a common examination pattern. The report of the Committee advocates a understandingable teacher-student ratio of not more than 130 and doing away with faulty textbooks and a system of rote learning.It emphasizes the promotion of analytical and rational skills that would equip the students to learn by themselves a test and evaluation pattern that involves the application of concepts learnt rather than mere reproduction of facts. The school syllabus should not pluck students with information but instead kindle their interest in the subject and teach them how to search for more information and conceptualize it. Traditional knowledge should be incorporated and made part of school education. valuation should be comprehensive and not just of academic achievements, and that too exactly attach based. Evaluation should acknowledge an assessment of student abilities and performance in academics, the arts, sports and games, values, reading habits, character, conduct and other extra-curricular activities. Schools should not only lay emphasis on academic subjects but also on moral education. Here the Committee suggests that it whitethorn be fail to have a progress book with entries made from time to time and also periodically sent to the parents so that they may be made aware of their childs progress. first-string consultation with parents about their wards progress and achievements and educational goals is a must. A sheet of paper containing marks obtained in public exams is not enough to understand a students development and potential. If the marks obtained in only one exam are going to decide the soulfulnesss admission into an make for of higher learning then all stress is on preparing for this exam neglecting other exams and activities. The chance or temptation to indulge in malpractices is also high.Marks obtained in a one-time exam also are no accurate reflection of the students actual knowledge and achievement level and potential. Treating exams and marks as more important than life itself has meant the death of many a student. Finally, children belonging to linguistic minorities should be allowed to gain instruction in their respective mother tongue, while all students in standards 5 or 8 ought to have a specific level of knowledge in Tamil and English so that these languages posterior be subroutined for communication.No student should be dropped and he/she should be allowed to grow in the chosen field of interest and in accordance with their individual capability. A simple pass or fail should certainly not be a deciding factor in a persons life. While the government has accepted the notion of one board for school education other major recommendations of the Muthukumaran Committee on education reforms are being sidelined by the State government. In fact, some government run schools are changing the medium of instruction to English and not all schools teach Tamil, though this is compulsory as per current State education law.Moreover, schools with an eye on the results in board exams and aiming at future lucrative career possibilities for their students are intro ducing modern European languages like French (German is hold to be introduced on a larger scale on the school level) that are supposedly high scoring subjects in comparison to Tamil, which is seen to be difficult even by those whose mother tongue it is. on that point is almost everywhere an exodus from government run schools to aided or private schools because of the perceived better quality and the lure of an English medium education, which is regarded by parents to be necessary in todays world.It is to remain viable and not lose out in this competition for students that government run schools are increasingly offering English medium instruction also, although the English medium sections are permitted only on a self-financing basis. The non-acceptance of important recommendations by the Muthukumaran committee is thus in line with the general pro-globalisation trend in the Tamil Nadu economy as a whole. Current education system Why is India still a developing country and what is s topping it from being a developed country?Indias education system as a stumbling block towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth. India is going to experience a paradox of nearly 90 million people joining the workforce but most of them will lack requiste skills and the mindset for productive rentment according to a report in DNA. India has about 550 million people under the age of 25 years out of which only 11% are enrolled in tertiary institutions compared to the world average of 23%. . I will be focussing on how the educationsystems failure is leading to another(prenominal) social issue of income inequality and hence, suggest certain policies to improve Indias education system and lower inequality. Problems and drawbacks The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of educate that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient ingovernment schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention.What the government is not realising right now is that education which is a source of human capital gutter create wide income inequalities. It will be surprising to see how income inequalities are created within the same group of educated peopleSo if the government does not improve education system particularly in rural areas the prosperous will become richer and the poor will get poorer. Hence, it is imperative for the government to correct the blemishes in Indias education system which will also be a step towards reducing income inequality.Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unavailing to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. The government currently spends only 3% of its GDP on education which is inadequate and insufficient. To im prove the quality of education , the government need to spend more money from its coffers on education. Most economists feel that the only panacea to the ills of the public schooling system is the voucher scheme.Under the voucher system, parents are allowed to choose a school for their children and they get full or partial reimbursement for the expenses from the government. But however, the voucher system will further aggravate the problem of poor quality of education in government schools. Such a system will shift mental imagerys from government schools to private schools. This will worsen the situation of government schools which are already under-funded. Moreover, if the same amount effrontery as vouchers can be used to build infrastructure in schools then the government can realize economies of scale.For example- The centre for civil society is providing vouchers worth Rs 4000 per annum to 308 girls. This means that the total amount of money disposed as vouchers is Rs 123200 0. If the same amount can be used to construct a school and employ high quality teachers who are paid well then a larger section of the society will enjoy the benefit of education. A school can definitely accommodate a stripped of 1000 students. I hope government takes certain appropriate policy measures to improve the education system otherwise inequalities are going to be widespread and Indias basic capabilities will remain stunted.let us strengthen the case for a stronger education system. Conclusion Certain policy measures need to be taken by the government. The basic thrust of government education spending today must surely be to ensure that all children have access to government schools and to raise the quality of education in those schools. One of the ways in which the problem of poor quality of education can be tackled is through with(predicate) common schooling. This essentially means sharing of resources between private and public schools. Shift system is one of the way s through which common schooling can be achieved.The private school can use the resources during the first half of the day and the government school can use it during the second half. It is important to have in mind that the quality of education is directly linked to the resources available and it is important for the government to improve resource tryst to bring about qualitative changes in the field of education. Common schooling is one of the ways in which government can use limited resources in an efficient way and thus improve resource allocation.

Customer Satisfaction Of Airtel & Grameenphone Essay Example for Free

node Satisfaction Of Airtel Grameen ring Essay1. IntroductionThe unveiling of the telecommunicationmunication heavens has been pretty late in Bangladesh compargond to that of the neighboring countries. The energetic telecommunication aid has been look-alike on an annual basis over the last two or three historic period. Now-a-days there be six mobile send for operators in the rural with Grameen phone, Robi, Teletalk, Banglalink, Airtel and City st either. They are offering antithetic new big bucks and offers different value added run to satisfy the guests demands. Customer blessedness is a fundamental marketing manufacture in the last three decades. In the past, it was unpopular and unaccepted concept because companies thought it was more principal(prenominal) to gain new customers than retain the existing ones. However, in this present decade, companies have gained go against chthonianstanding of the magnificence of customer atonement (especially servic e producing companies) and adopted it as a high priority ope symmetrynal goal. Customer satisfaction, a term frequently used in marketing, is a measure of how products and serve supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as the phone occur of customers, or per centumage of total customers, whose historyed experience with a firm, its products, or its function (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals.People in Bangladesh are becoming busy day by day and more professed(prenominal) than previous. They need to share more in smorgasbordation to each other because demography has changed due to the era of globalization. bustling phone has put downd a tremendous change in the communication sector in our country. It has changed the communication bodily structure withal. People in various occupations and income levels are using mobile phone intensively for their occupational mark and personal purpose as well.1.1 Basic tuition The telecom sector of Bangladesh began its go with land phone. thus SEBA was the first company to bring cellphoneular telephone services. The telecom sector has completely changed both in terms of coverage and efficiency of services. Cellular telephone services have chance upond great commercial success. For close firms, the preeminent goal is to maximize the value of thefirm for its owners or shareholders. Increasing competition (whether for-profit or nonprofit) is forcing businesses to conciliate much more attention to satisfy customers. The state of satisfaction depends on a number of both psychological and physical variables, which correlate with satisfaction behaviors. For this majority of the firms is severe to be a customer-oriented, customer- focused, or even-customer compulsive enterprise. Airtel is one of the late movers in telecommunication sector of Bangladesh. And like all other telecom companies, it is trying hard to penetrate the market and get a hold of signi ficant market share through their valued customers.1.2 Background learningAirtel Bangladesh Ltd. is a GSM-based cellular operator in Bangladesh.Airtel is the sixth mobile phone carrier to enter the Bangladesh market, andoriginally launched commercial operations under the brand name Waridtelecommunication on May 10, 2007. Warid Telecom International LLC, an Abu Dhabi basedconsortium, sold a majority 70% stake in the company to Indias Bharti AirtelLimited for US$ccc million. Bharti Airtel Limited took management control of thecompany and its board, and rebranded the companys services under its ownAirtel brand from declination 20, 2010. The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory fit approved the deal on Jan 4, 2010. Grameenphone widely cognise as GP, is the tip telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. With more than 46.04 million subscribers (as of September 2013), Grameenphone is the largest mobile phone operator in the country. It is a joint judge enterprise between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed microfinance organization and community learning bank Grameen brim. Telenor, the largest telecommunications company in Norway, owns 55.8% shares of Grameenphone, Grameen Telecom owns 34.2% and the re importanting 10% is publicly held. Grameenphone was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan Go Beyond, Grameenphone promises its customers to bring the best of communication technologies so that they can Go Beyond.1.3 Objective of the reportThe objective of the report is split into two parts. They are specific andbroad objectives. The specific and broad objective of this report is precondition be diminished 1. Broad Objective The broad objective of this report is to find show up the customer satisfaction level of Airtel Grameenphone customers.2. Specific Objectives The specific objectives will beTo find out specific areas of satisfaction of Airtel Grameenphone users To forecast out specific areas of dissatisfaction of Airtel Grameenphone users To know the overall satisfaction level of the customersTo figure out possible expediency sectors to reduce dissatisfaction To know the better service provider between this two companies1.4 Literature ReviewAirtel is the sixth mobile phone carrier to enter the Bangladesh market and launched commercial operation on May 10, 2007. Indias bharti Airtel modified bought 70% share of Warid telecom international. This is the largest investment in Bangladesh made by an Indian company. Airtel offers both prepaid and postpaid connections with lots of diversified packages to its customers. It also offers massive value added services to its subscribers. Below is a rendering of eonline of Warid Telecom in Bangladesh, Bharti Airtel and its taking over Warid In December 2005, Warid Telecom International paid US$ 5 0 million to obtain a GSM license from the BTRC and became the sixth mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. In a press conference on August 17, 2006, Warid announced that its network would be set off two months ahead of schedule, in October, 2006. Again in October, 2006 Warid Telecom put off the launch of its cell phone services in Bangladesh until April, 2007 after its major supplier Nokia walked out on an agreement over a payment dispute. Warid had a soft launch at the end of January 2007. It gave away complimentary subscriptions among a selected group of individuals, whose job was to make test assures and the operator ad proficiented its networks quality based on their comments. On May 9, 2007, Warid in an advertisement in around daily newspaper express that it would be unveiling publicly on May 10, 2007.However, no call rate or any package exposit were revealed. The advertisement included an announcement for the people inte peace of minded to buy Warid connections to bring t he documents like ID card, and so forth, to thedesignated franchise and customer care centers. On October 1, 2007, Warid Telecom expanded its network to five more districts raising total number of districts under Warid coverage to 56, said a press release. Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Sherpur, Rajbari and Narail towns were covered by Warid network. On November 10, 2007, 61 districts under Warid network coverage. On June 10, 2008, Warid Telecom expanded its network to 3 more districts Bandarban, Khagrachhari and Rangamati. Now all 64 districts of Bangladesh are under Warid network coverage meaning Warid Telecom now has nationwide coverage. On December 20, 2010, Warid Telecom was rebranded to Airtel. Bharti Airtel Limited is commonly known as Airtel. It is an Indian telecommunications company that operates in 20 countries crossways South Asia, Africa and the Channel Islands. It operates a GSM network in all countries, providing 2G, 3G and 4G services depending upon the country of operation. Airtel is the third largest telecom operator in the world with over 243.336 million customers across 20 countries as of March 2012. It is the largest cellular service provider in India, with over 181 million subscribers at the end of March 2012. Airtel is the third largest in-country mobile operator by subscriber base, commode China Mobile and China Unicom. Airtel is the largest provider of mobile telephony and second largest provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription goggle box services. It offers its telecom services under the Airtel brand, and is headed by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve Cisco Gold Certification. It also acts as a carrier for national and international long exceed communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. Airtel is known for being the first mo bile phone company in the world to outsource all of its business operations except marketing, sales and finance. Its networkbase stations, microwave links, etc.is maintained by Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Network and Huawei, and business support is provided by IBM, and contagion towers are maintained by a nonher(prenominal) company (Bharti Infratel Ltd. in India).Ericsson agreed for the first time to be paid by the minute for knowledgeableness and maintenance of their equipment rather than being paid up front, which allowed Airtel to provide low call rates. Bharti Airtel began its journey in Bangladesh in December 2010 when it acquired 70 percent stockof Warid Telecom of Abu Dhabi Group. So, it can be said that Airtel Bangladesh has just completed its maiden year in the country. And deep down this period of time, the operator has also created a spacious job opportunity in diverse segments of the organization and as of August 2013, Airtel Bangladesh has 7.97 million subscribers with 7 .3% of market share. in the lead Grameenphones inception, the phone was for a selected urbanized few. The cell phone was a luxury a flouting follower for the select elite.The mass could non contemplate mobile telephony as being part of their lives. Grameenphone started its journey with the Village Phone program a pioneering initiative to empower rural women of Bangladesh.The name Grameenphone translates to Rural phone. Starting its operations on March 26, 1997, the Independence Day of Bangladesh, Grameenphone has come a long way. Grameenphone pioneered the and then breakthrough initiative of mobile to mobile telephony and became the first and only operator to cover 98% of the countrys people with network The idea of providing universal mobile phone access throughout Bangladesh, including its rural areas, was originally conceived by Iqbal Quadir, who is currently the founder and director of the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT. He was inspired by the Gra meen Bank microcredit model and envisioned a business model where a cell phone can serve as a source of income. After leaving his job as an investment banker in the United States, Quadir traveled back to Bangladesh, after meeting and successfully raising nones from New York based investor and philanthropist Joshua Mailman, and worked for three years gaining support from various organizations including Nobel Peace Prize honorable Muhammad Yunus of Grameen Bank and the Norwegian telephone company, Telenor.He was finally successful in forming a consortium with Telenor and Grameen Bank to establish Grameenphone. Quadir remained a shareholder of Grameenphone until 2004. Grameenphone receive a license for cellular phone operation in Bangladesh from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications on November 28, 1996. Grameenphone started operations on March 26, 1997, the Independence Day in Bangladesh. Grameenphone originally offered a mobile-to-mobile connectivity (widely known as GP-GP connection), which created a lot of enthusiasm among the users. It became the first operator to reach the million subscriber milepost as well as ten million subscriber milestone in Bangladesh. Since its inception Grameenphone has make up thelargest cellular network in the country with over 8500 base stations . Presently, nearly 99 percent of the countrys population is within the coverage area of the Grameenphone network. Grameenphone has always been a pioneer in introducing new products and services in the local telecom market. GP was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh when it launched its services in March 1997.Grameenphone was also the first telecommunication operator in Bangladesh to introduce the pre-paid service in September 1999. It established the first 24-hour Call Center, introduced value-added services such as VMS, SMS, fax and data transmission services, international roaming service, WAP, SMS-based push-pull services, EDGE, personal ring back tone and many other products and services. In October 2013 the company launched 3G services commercially. The entire Grameenphone network is 3G/EDGE/GPRS enabled, allowing access to high-speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. on that point are currently over 7 million 3G/EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. Today, Grameenphone is the leading and largest telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh with more than 47.64 million subscribers as of January 2014. Grameenphone has so far invested more than BDT 24,300 crore to build the network infrastructure Grameenphone is one of the largest taxpayers in the country, having contributed more than BDT 35,500 crore in direct and indirect taxes to the Government exchequer over the years. There are now more than 1600 GP Service Desks across the country masking piece nearly all upazilas of all districts and 94 Grameenphone Centers in all the divisional cities Grameenphone has about 5000 full and maverick employees.300,000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others. In this report we tried to discuss the comparative analysis of Airtel 7 Grameenphone over the customers.2. Research regularity2.1 Data sources There are two types of data sources are used to obtain the required randomness.2.1.1 Primary Data set interview though a raft questionnaire2.1.2 Secondary data Commercial websites of Airtel Grameenphone Online articles on telecommunication sector Previously conducted look for papers on different issues of telecommunication Companys magazines, brochures, etc.2.2. order of collecting data2.2.1 Selecting SampleThe population of this train are customers of Airtel Bangladesh Grameenphone and we took interview 120 person of different age group in our study. We targeted different people from different age group. The target population were divided among following age groups- 18-30 years 6030-50 years 3050-70 years 2070- above years 102.2.2 Procedure of data collectionAfter determining the target population and sampling clay we were looking forward to conduct the survey for collecting the information. As our extent of the target population was preplanned and structured, therefore, we did not have any trouble to collect the information from the fieldwork. Whenever we found a student who was sitting angry or gossiping with their friends we went to them, cordially introduced ourselves and asked them whether they were using airtel or GP. After receiving a positive response, we provided a questionnaire form and asked them to participate in the survey. Fortunately, no one denied participating in the survey because it did not take more than four minutes to finish. Moreover, every respondent was looking enthusiastic in taking part and some of them were very co in effect(predicate) and supportive. They also assisted us to find out active airtel GP users. By this way, we collected data from 100 respondents. Rest 20 set of questionnaires were given to my friends and the neighbors who were the Airtel or GP users.2.2.3 Method of analyzing dataAfter completing the research survey, we started the data preparation for the project. As soon as we received the questionnaires from the field I kept all the information in Microsoft Excel program. Since, this is a descriptiveresearch and the data analysis should be done quantitatively. For this understanding, we used MS Excel software because we have passable insights of using this program. In the beginning portion of the questionnaire, there were some general questions to aware of the some information about the respondents, for instances, gender, age, duration of the network age and some direct question related to their usage pattern. This information is analyzed collectively rather than individually. Here, no statistical tools have been used. The next section of the questionnaire contains 13 statements. distributively of the statements has been arranged in such a way which is directly related to the customer satisfaction factors.2.3 Limitations of the studyThe survey is subjected to the bias and prejudices of the respondents. Hence 100% accuracy cant be assured. The researcher was carried out in a short span of time, where in the researcher could not widen the study. The study could not be generalized due to the fact that researcher adapted personal interview method. It is so touchy to survey questionnaire among target samples.3. Result Discussions Findings3.1. Findings on respondents analysisThe general analysis of the 120 samples is presented in this section. The main objective of the respondents analysis is to get the overview about respondents. Here, respondents gender, age limit, duration of their network, and usage pattern, etc. have been discussed briefly. There is no statistical tool used to analysis the respondents ov erview because this information will not affect directly to the customer satisfaction factors. For collecting data from the field, the research survey has been conducted among 80 male and 40 female users of airtel GP users. Thus, the ratio of male user is 60% and the ratio of female user is 40%. We have conducted the research on 18-30 years 6030-50 years 3050-70 years 2070- above years 10From this scenario, it can be said that around of the airtel is more polular inurban areas in young generation. There were also two direct questions asked to the respondents to know the reason of using Airtel and to know which of the value added services are used by the respondents. Research findings show that 40% of the respondents use airtel only for the lower cost. 20% of the respondents use airtel for the highest FnF benefits. 10% of the respondents said they are using airtel for low on-net tariffs. 30% of the respondents use GP for network, voice quality and for the brand image.3.2 Findi ngs on questionnaire analysis1. How many sim do you use?Most of the respondents use 1 sim. Rest others use 2 sims for various purposes.2. Which companys sim you are using now?Most of the respondents use Airtel. Those who use 2 sims, they have Grameenphone, teletalk, Robi Banglalink sim. 3. What is the reason behind of your choice?Most of the Airtel users use Airtel for the lower call rate. Grameenphone users use it for better network service.4. Who is following better business schema?Most of the Airtel users think Airtel is following better business strategy at this importation to attract new young generation. Grameenphone users think GP should obtain more attractive business strategy to retain the existing customers as well as draw interest to new customers.5. Who provides more rapidness for their customers?In this question, most of them think Grameenphone is providing more facilities to its customers. With their network, service customer care outlet around the country Gramee nphone is far better than Airtel.6. Who is more responsible for social welfare?Most of the respondents expressed that being the most popular largest telecom company, Grameenphone is contributing more for social welfare of Bangladesh.7. Call RateMost of the respondents are cheery with the call rate of Airtel. Few of them think it is moderate. On the other hand, most of the respondents think call rate of Grameenphone is highly expensive. They are dissatisfied withthis.8. Service.In service issue, most of the respondents feel moderate with the Airtel service but Grameenphone have many satisfied clients in this regard.9. Network.In network issue, Airtel has dissatisfied customers. The respondents are not satisfied at all with the striggling network of Airtel. On the other hand Grameenphone is reigning the telecom scenario with their operative network.10. Bonus Offer.The respondents are satisfied with the endless bonus offers of Airtel. Most of them are agreed with that. Contrariwise G rameenphones bonus offers are not so much satisfactory to its clients.11. Bundle Offer.Most of the respondents are satisfied with the bundle offers of Airtel. A small number of them are moderate with that. Inversely the bundle offers of Grameenphone are disappointing to its clients.12. Which companys sim you will suggest for using to your friends? 60% of the respondents told that they will suggest Airtel sim to their friends. Rest of them stated that they will recommend Grameenphone to their friends.3.3 Best According to Customers3.4 Reasons of the First Choice Grameenphone3.5 Reasons of the First Choice Airtel3.6 Competitive reinforcement of Grameenphone Airtel3.7 Customers RecommendationsIn the respondents opinion and suggestion section, 12 respondents did not put any opinion. However, rest 108 of the respondents shared their valuable opinion regarding Airtel Grameenphone services and those are given below accordingly Most of the respondents suggested Airtel to mounting its n etwork coverage as soon as possible. The also suggested Grameenphone to reduce thecall rate. Some respondents also suggested toStop sending unwanted SMSReduce VAS tariffsIncrease the validity for bonus talk timeOffer attractive handset bundle package