World War 2

Briana Rogers Mr. Carter Freshman Seminar H8 October 3, 2012 First Benedict Home Game Where I’m from we don’t have a football team or a marching band, which means there’s really no excitement for getting ready for the first game. The sports my high school was always prepared for was lacrosse and basketball. Knowing that I was finally coming to a school with a football team made me even more excited to in college.Though, I had heard the rumors about the team never winning games it didn’t bring me down because I knew for sure that no matter what I was going to enjoy every moment of the game. Walking to the stadium with friends put me into that mood knowing that the night was going to be very eventful, whether we were to win or lose the game. Personally I was just ready to hear the band, cheer my team on, and have a blast.I wanted to support BC to the point I had the school colors and had my face painted. After so many years of always going with someone to th eir football and not my own school, this was finally the time for me to live it up. I stayed until half time to hear the band. I can honestly say that for it to be my first college football game I enjoyed myself with the group of people I was and would do it again, plus with our football team to win the game

Description Paper on Gustav Klimt

DESCRIPTION PAPER: ART INTO TEXT The purpose of this short paper is to hone your abilities in using words to describe and understand the physical qualities of a work of art. By writing about art, you will take on the responsibility of examining it closely, organizing your perceptions and thoughts about it, and conveying in text an organized and clear summary of your visual analysis. First, choose a work to examine. There is no limit to which work you may choose, except that it must date from within our time period (the year 1400 of the common era to the present).If you have concerns about your choice, consult the professor. Please do not choose a work that has been discussed extensively in class or in the textbook. You may choose a work that you can see first-hand in Hong Kong (at for instance the Hong Kong Museum of Art or the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, or a work of public sculpture). If you opt to do this, please identify where the object resides in your paper. If you desire to cho ose a work from the West or other places not immediately accessible, please find and utilize many reproductions of it, from as many different angles as possible, and with different levels of detail.Please attach relevant images to the end of your paper (do not include them in the text). After choosing the work, you will then spend considerable time examining it (no less than 30 minutes is recommended). Then, take notes on what you see. Describe the media, principles of design and visual elements that you find in the work. Think about how line, volume, scale, balance, and/or visual rhythm are used in the work, if appropriate. Pay attention to as much of the surface of the work as you can see.Do physical features of the work suggest the purpose of its creation, the meaning it is trying to communicate, or its use or original physical context? What can you infer about the culture that made this object from its physical features? Finally, compose a 2 to 4 page (double spaced, with regula r fonts and margins) essay summarizing your findings. The bulk of the paper should be a well-organized description and formal analysis. You should organize this part of the paper logically, i. e. there should be an order to your description and analysis.Then, taking the features and relationships in the work that you find most compelling and important, assess its cultural meaning and/or significance based upon your observations. This should be your conclusion. Do not conduct research for this assignment. The focus here should be on honing your observational skills. You will be graded on clarity of writing and word choice (25%), organization (25%), thoroughness of observation (25%), and the plausibility of your conclusions based on evidence at hand (25%). Paper due in class on Monday, September 24, 2012. Penalties for not following instructions:Does not meet the page minimum: dropped a letter grade. Fonts and/or margins are oversized in order to meet page minimum: dropped five points . Illustrations are within the text rather than appended to the end: dropped a letter grade. Work chosen has been discussed in book or class extensively: dropped a letter grade. Research has been conducted: dropped two letter grades. Plagiary: automatic zero. Reuse of previously submitted material: automatic zero. Work is not within specified time period: dropped five points. Excessive redundancy/use of â€Å"filler†: points subtracted from thoroughness score.Farris’s rules of good formal nonfiction writing: Avoid use of first and second person pronouns (I, you, we, us). Avoid passive voice. Avoid redundancies, both in word use and content. Be sure of the meaning of a word before making use of it. Simplify phrasing in order to be direct about what you want to convey. Organize your thoughts before starting to write. When not writing dialogue, paragraphs must be at least three sentences long. Sentences in a paragraph should address a single subject. Avoid starting a sent ence with a conjunction. Avoid contractions. Omit unnecessary words. Assess evidence, not subjective reaction.

Manufacturing Technology Essay

In this article, it lists out several manufacturing technologies that set out new and easier processes for not just the workload, but set for an easier lifestyle as well. (summary) The automated systems was best said on my end. Transfer machines, cell phones and other automated devices are used to set a communication establishment upon anyone. It’s all about producing faster and having more efficiency in the industrial world. They also help reduce costs such as a bank you have ATM’s rather than having a clerk or 2 handling your withdrawals and deposits. You also have development of apps. These apps can take pictures of your checks and deposit them from there. Also manage your accounts with transfers and payments. It’s claimed that many human interactions really don’t require the human touch to it, which is true. Transfers of virtual products and or cash don’t need to be manually human handled. The article has been developed this year, which defiantl y will have a fair and accurate perspective on the manufacturing technology that we have in mind now. Timings, R., & Wilkinson, S. (2000). Manufacturing Technology (2nd ed.). 1061-2890, Harlow, Essex: Longman. In this book we come across specific detail about percentage-wise wholes in how much costs were reduced at the time of the startup in manufacturing technology. It claimed that all manufacturing technology orders dropped 20.4% at the start of its creation and then suddenly rose 9.8% later that year. Every year since then there’s been a 3% up raise since the start of it all. Having it being written 15 years ago I am heavily against this book, just due to the fact of how much our technology has advanced. The book shows how transfer machines are being held against in the workload and reducing the efficiency of work from its employees which is just a big key factor in communication. With the advancement in technology this has got to be a joke. Almost all technology is set in touch screen adaptations, faster ram processors, and larger memories to keep companies moving and cost efficient. Blaedel, K. L. â€Å"SciTech Connect: Manufacturing Technology.† SciTech Connect: Manufacturing Technology. USDOE, 1 Feb. 1997. Web. 20 Jan. 2015. This set article claims that there are 4 projects that led to the main movement of manufacturing technology. It details exactly how they got to developing such a vast movement at the time which we could easily set apart from our age having it being published over 10 years ago. It shows exactly how to â€Å"develop an understanding of fundamental fabrication process†. Heap, J. (2004). International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management (Vol. 57, pp. 156-176). Bradford, England: Emerald Group. This book had several findings of out SME’s had an early development progress against productivity and performance management throughout different AMT’s. It shows the different effects in management and what manners they had at the time to reduce operation costs and team efficiency. Acquisition of Manufacturing Technology. (2013). MENA Report, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/1419103734?accountid=27203 Throughout this article we the write to see what acquisitions were involved to establish the different types of manufacturing technology in our more recent industry. Our updated technologies have claimed to make our recent years more cost efficient and productive by over 150%! I am all up with this article because it has its cited facts and it’s only 2 years from our current date, so this would be my most supported article just due to the date it was created. Milgrom, P., & Roberts, J. (1990). The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, strategy, and organization. The American Economic Review, 511-528. In this scholarly article, we learn the economics of modern manufacturing and what came with the update at the time and how it was processed and underwent a revolution. The scholarly article stated that the â€Å"mass production model is being replaced by a vision of a flexible multiproduct firm that emphasizes quality and speedy response to market conditions while utilizing technologically advanced equipment and new forms of organization.† This was the start of a new branch in observing what could be replaced and updated with technology. I do enjoy seeing the central difference of how technology has shaped the workplace with time. Doms, M., Dunne, T., & Roberts, M. J. (1995). The Role of Technology Use in the Survival and Growth of Manufacturing Plants. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 523-542. In this scholarly article, we come to distinguish the relationship between principal strength, how we use to come across the usage of manufacturing technology and what growth rates it came with. It stated that the main findings at the time had a mindset of higher progression rates against technology would have a far less development and production failure. Tracey, M., Vonderembse, M. A., & Lim, J. S. (1999). Manufacturing Technology and Strategy Formulation: Keys to Enhancing Competitiveness and Improving Performance. Journal of Operations Management, 17(4), 411-428. When coming across this article we see how the main set of technology was set and how that generation at the time had evolved it into a more competitive and healthier implement. As stated, â€Å"Linear Structural Equation Analysis results show that the relationships between a firm’s practices in these two areas and its competitive capabilities are found to be statistically significant and positive†, which shows me they had their own strategic role in which they followed to test out their performance and which ways they could use to improve the marketing satisfaction. Shepherd, D. A., Mcdermott, C., & Stock, G. N. (2000). Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 11(1), 19-33. doi:10.1016/S1047- 8310(00)00019-5 We come to the instruction of AMT’s and how their benefits improved our workload and consumer satisfaction. This article shows the specific studies in how AMT’s were tested and outweighed the beneficial manufacturing firms in all over the world. The flexibility and higher efficiency claims from them outsourced many operational downfalls to provide advantage across the marketplace. Cho, K. (1993). Manufacturing Technology in Korea. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 12(3), 216-222. doi:10.1016/0278-6125(93)90331-M Set across this article we have a different perspective having most of us live in the United States. With 32 set studies across this article it has been set that they have had an establishment of implementing local manufacturers across the nation with the support of  education al programs in technology and engineering. A different set perspective against the U.S. showing us how other countries had a different goal with maintaining manufacturing technology. Anonymous. (2011, ). TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING HEALTH CARE. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL) This article was interesting to me to see the perspective of how manufacturing technology affected the health care industry. With 2 new hospitals opening up in other countries, hospitals have set out ads over the radio and television to help drivers understand the dangers of texting while driving and the rising amount of drivers ending up in the hospital from being distracted behind the wheel. I did enjoy reading this because I do commute 80 miles a day to work on the highway and easily see how much people are distracted behind the wheel. I wouldn’t know this new advancement in technology has caused such an uprise in car accidents, enough to open new hospitals around the world.

Oceans and Tides Paper (Earth Science) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oceans and Tides Paper (Earth Science) - Essay Example What are surface ocean currents? In simple words rotation of the earth on its own axis causes winds that form gyres or circles on the surface of oceans. These gyres are found to move in clockwise circular patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. This is phenomena is better known as surface ocean currents. These currents flow continuously but have varied intensity and in different proportions. There is no need to mention this that the concentration of these surface ocean currents depend on the depth or depletion of the sea bed. All these factors can actually increase and decrease the speed of these currents. These surface ocean currents can influence weather conditions. These are quite significant for navigators who make use of these currents to steer through their way. What are waves, their characteristics and wave erosion? Wave is actually a disturbance that is produced by some other body. A water wave that is created by a moving boat is its best example. One of its features is the wavelength which happens to be distance between two waves, the second characteristic is frequency which can be measured by the number of crests or troughs passing through a single point at one time and the third is amplitude which is the displacement of a wave. Wave erosion is also no different from other forms of erosion like soil erosion and coastal erosion. When waves hit on the banks, it carries a part of the soil with it from there. This is called wave erosion in short and can be avoided only by planting more trees as the roots of these trees can save the soil from eroding away. What is shoreline erosion? Besides wave erosion, shoreline erosion is another of its kind that is primarily caused due to movement of currents and waves. Apart from these two factors this erosion can also be caused by a change in sea level. In general when these waves hit unguarded shores they wash off the sediments of the shoreline and this is called shoreline erosion. Any kind of soil erosion causes land misuse as it degrades on regular basis. Land is very important for animals and humans both which are very much obvious. This in turn becomes a reason for overpopulation and scarcity of usable tracts of land for cultivation and other important activities that are a prerequisite for human civilization. A few things that can control this type of erosion are planting tree that can absorb moisture, then building septic tanks and proper drainage system can also take care of this erosion. What are tides? Now the most important of all the questions is what are tides? Tides are a natural occurrence that are caused by the gravitational forces of the both the moon and the sun. Since the earth is rotating on its own, hence the position of the moon keeps on changing. This change in placing causes the height of the tides to rise and fall accordingly. That is the closer the moon the higher the tides will be due to a strong gravitational pull. This is t he reason behind the tides getting high and low in a day as well as in a month. In addition to this another fact needs to be added that is the moon takes a little longer than 24 hours (around 50 minutes more) to come to same point with the earth. So this discussion shows that oceans and tides are equally important to us. This could again be explained in the context that because of the presence of this current in the water bodies, today the world can think of generating electricity. This tidal energy thus produced will be

Cultural,socio-phycho,migrant Identity and magic realism in the works Dissertation

Cultural,socio-phycho,migrant Identity and magic realism in the works of salman Rushdie - Dissertation Example Rushdie’s second novel, Midnight’s Children is a book that had elements of magic realism in it. Several literatures shall be reviewed to show the extent at which Salman Rushdie integrated cultural, socio-psycho, migrant identity and migrant identity into his works. Rushdie is an author that actually writes in English, but the fact remains that he is an author that still keeps the culture of his Indian origin at heart and this is evident in his writings. Zimringa believes that this adds to the cultural elements that Rushdie integrates into his works (Zmiringa 5-6). In his article, The passionate cosmopolitan in Salman Rushdie's Fury, Zmiringa came to the conclusion that Rushdie tried to reach out to his readers on the issue of cultural diversity and how some cultures and countries try to dominate other cultures and countries. Zmiringa believed that Rushdie’s Fury that was written in 2001 was his (Rushdie) attempt to show the extent at which his works contained ele ments of migrant identity as Zmiringa’s The passionate cosmopolitan in Salman Rushdie's Fury highlights the experience of American immigrants that was evident in Rushdie’s works.

Reflective Learning Nursing Personal Statement

Reflective Learning Nursing - Personal Statement Example Discussion During the actual encounter with the patient, I had to make the patient comfortable by introducing myself, and telling her I was her nurse, asking how the patient feels prior to inviting her to sit down and giving her instructions, with eye contact while we talk. I made sure that I was attentive, not only listening, but also mentally taking note of the patient’s body gestures, facial expression, and fears, if any. Through these gestures towards the patient, I was able to make her feel relaxed and comfortable (Tollefson, 2010). During the interview establishing identity of the patient and the reason for the visit, I had to note how the patient feels and limit the question and answer on matters with regards to her health, current condition and history. This way, I was able to maintain professionalism as well as make the patient feel safe and respected (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). I also noted if there were communication problems, such as language barrier, or communicatio n discomfort on the part of the patient. Fortunately, the patient was easy to talk with. Throughout the interview, I encouraged her to talk about her health issue or issues but avoiding much prodding as well as repetition of topic. I was able to accomplish this by taking notes on her answers and with my focus on her alone. Where there was unclear information given by the patient, I had to paraphrase and ask through a question answerable by yes or no for confirmation. After sufficient information was provided by the patient, I summarize the information and confirm from her if the information was right. I also checked if the patient had identification band in order to compare data provided. I then proceed to take the vital signs but I failed to explain to the patient why these were needed. After getting her consent to perform the procedures, I washed my hands. I had to ask every step of the process if the patient felt comfortable, and make the right adjustment if not such as the posit ion of the chair, or even the air conditioning. Throughout, I maintained eye contact. I first took the temperature. I committed a slight error by not immediately taking note of her temperature or recorded in her chart. In taking the pulse rate, I had to prepare the equipment, prepare patient about the procedure, provide privacy, identify the landmarks, palpate lightly with finger pads in identifying pulse, then note the rhythm and strength. I counted then calculated the rate per minute, and made sure to note whether or not there was irregularity. I terminated the encounter, then replaced and disposed the equipment, wash my hands based on standard precautions, and then filled up the form or chart of the patient (Daly et al, 2006). Where there was irregularity of pulse, I had to inform the patient of my role. In taking the blood pressure, the same procedure of routine hand wash was undertaken. This will ensure sanitation and safety. I then check on the patient documentation then the p atient status. If the patient is new or whom I have not established familiarity, yet, I introduce myself and asks for her identity, too, such as how may I call her (O’Toole, 2010). Then, I informed her procedure to be done and why it is needed. I then ask for consent to perfo

The Current Conservation Status of a Group of Marine Vertebrates Term Paper

The Current Conservation Status of a Group of Marine Vertebrates - Term Paper Example This was driven not merely by negative foresight on the eventuality of the current scale of activities against cetaceans. But, this was simply underpinned by the enthusiasm of researchers on conservation attempts. Additionally, this was also to understand the ideas contained in available implementing guidelines for the limits of catching whales (Stoett, 1997). Unfortunately, numberless publication persists which turned out to be unhelpful and can be barriers and distractions towards positive endeavors. These publications contain one, issues that depict strained relations among nations which bring about the possibilities of total destruction as there is no commonality of beliefs on conservations. Second, there is the danger of over-population which may result in extreme increases in demands for exhausting resources as well as collective relocation. Third, that there is an incessant intensified consciousness on soil erosion and rapid deforestations. Fourth, there is an ever-increasing account of oil wastage over bodies of water because of flaws on the transport system resulting in the death of marine organisms. And fifth, that the whales are subjects to extinction (Stoett, 1997). Fortunately, the persistence of the issues on the extinction of whales challenged and inspired many people to keep on with their studies. This is because they believed that continuity of the whales or cetaceans species generations is apparently a benchmark. This would clearly indicate the conditions of the environment. Basically, it would be of benefit to mankind considering that these cetaceans are also mammals, although, they are aquatic. So, if they have continued to live in the bodies of water, then, this is a clue that the environment is still supportive of life. And this runs counter to claims of extensive environmental degradations (Stoett, 1997). According to the author, studies revealed that the population of gray and minke whales has normalized. This is despite the extensive po aching activities simply for profit, overtly disregarding the consequences. But, the population dip of some other cetaceans like blue whales, light whales, and humpback whales are quite alarming. This is made complicated by the fact that there is a very little study conducted on the physical welfare of cetaceans. And if there is any hope left for the survival of the species, then, this lies largely on the latest consensus of the concerned groups like the International Whaling Corporation (Daniels, 2007; Stoett, 1997). Apparently, the members of the International Whaling Corporation in 1982 have realized the intensity of the risk they have taken in 1946 for supporting the extinguishing activities of catching whales and its relatives for the purpose of profit, health, and purported sustenance. Consequently, the 1982 position stood firm on the suspension of all whale catching activities in the national and international seas. Although, it took some three years before the treaty was ful ly implemented. This was because of political dissensions on the part of those who are apt to continue profiteering. Large scale whalers like the Japanese and the Americans were all dissatisfied with the ruling on the suspension of their self-centered endeavors.  

Bulding and Constraction Company Research Paper

Bulding and Constraction Company - Research Paper Example Greater detail, analysis and sensitivity are prescribed when quality is the key element of project completion. This means processing controls, implementation and constant appraisal of the project phases to keep on track. Implementing total quality begins with an accurate definition of the project and its critical limitations; then it is followed by estimating task durations and resources in a work breakdown structure. Tracking progress, reporting problems and altering the plan of action, requires the application of several project management tools. If it must be noted, persistence and effort is expected in the commitment of TQM. It is thought that ‘when a plan has not been followed, the plan was a waste in the first place’ (Leavitt et al, 1994). Figure 1 and 2 present the crucial aspects required to achieve quality in project management. The first emphasizes on importance of active participation of different entities or the involvement in acquiring relevant feedback important in improving the project. The second figure shows the role of leadership and organisation culture in the process of change. Globalisation has caused changes in project structures and authority levels, becoming more equalising but requiring a broadened sectoral participation. Thus efficient project management skills are required. With the urgency to be on time and in budget, coordination is repeatedly used through the application of project management tools. It can be said that modern project management is relatively new, as it has been used widely in most sectors in the recent 1990s (Uluocak, 2009). This study applies the varying tools in Total Quality in Project Management, specifically in the second part of the vertical phased project of the Bentall Centre 5. To highlight the technical skill, the work breakdown structure and earned value

Australian Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Constitution - Essay Example Justice M.D. Kirby (1997) succinctly highlights the difficulties in this manner: "I have elsewhere tried to point out that the Australian Constitution can be viewed as reflecting a struggle, which is still ongoing, between British and United States elements captured in its text." (The Honourable Justice M D Kirby AC CMG, 1997) "In 1992 in Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth the High Court struck down the Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991 (Cth) which restricted political advertising on the electronic media during Federal, State, Territory and local elections. In doing so, it recognized that the Australian Constitution contains an implied freedom to discuss political matters. This freedom was primarily derived from sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution, which respectively provide that the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives 'shall be ... directly chosen by the people'. As federal laws passed under section 51 of the Constitution are passed 'subject to this Constitution', such laws are invalid if they infringe the implied freedom" (William, George (b); 1996-97). The reason for the High Court decision was clear. The 'implied freedom' took precedence over Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991. Or, the 'implied freedom' was implicitly clear while the written law was irrelevant. The Australian constitution does not guarantee freedom of speech. However, the court ruled in favor of Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd quoting 'implied freedom'. The learned judge ruled on the merits of the case. Had he ruled on the basis of the written constitution, he would have ruled otherwise (William, George (b); 1996-97). The constitution is a powerful document. It is the overriding and supreme determinant. However, sometimes there are verdicts that appear to have little to do with the constitution. At times, they also appear to run counter to the constitution. Nonetheless, the judges are in better position to provide the ruling. The ruling reinforces what many believe that the Australian constitution is a little more than a legal document. In other words, the Australian constitution must be taken with a pinch of salt. Does this also mean that this constitution is inconsistent and has inadequacies No responsible judge will be expected to make such sweeping remarks. However, there could be a silent consensus on what the constitution ought to be (Justice and the Rule of Law). Disputes arise that demand a constitutional resolution. These disputes are handled by legal specialists and settled in the courts. But from time to time, controversies occur, drawing the country's attention to its constitution. These raise major national questions about whether acts of government or parliament, decisions or actions of officials are constitutional, that is, whether they are authorized by the ultimate source of law and power in Australia (Justice and the

Doctors from Hell by Vivien Spitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Doctors from Hell by Vivien Spitz - Essay Example Not a whimper of protest is raised by the doctors against the orders by Adolph Hitler. Why do the doctors fail to abide by the noble ethics of their medical profession and succumb to the dictates of the Nazi regime to commit atrocities of the worst order on innocent human beings? The main issue is, why the entire German medical fraternity turns demonic, and what makes them to wean away from their traditional vocation of serving the sick? Vivien Spitz defends her position to the military authority, which is skeptical about her ability to carry out the onerous and dangerous responsibility as the court reporter at Nuremberg trials thus: â€Å"I have to go to see for myself. I’m a court reporter, and the War Department needs court reporters. I want to take these doctors’ testimony watch their face. I want to hear how they defend these terrible atrocities and experiments on human beings.†(8) The book, â€Å"Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans,† is born, through her blazing pen and the steely determination. Two types of wars are waged in Germany after Hitler comes to power in 1933. The normal war when soldiers of the opposite camps kill each other, and another war, that is devoid of conscience to exterminate a particular race from the face of earth. They include children, women, able-bodied and the mentally and physically sick. German soldiers begin to kill all those from a particular community with whom they have no previous personal enmity. Spitz writes, â€Å"After Hitler came to power in 1933, a Superior Genetic Health Court was established. Thus began the perverse degradation of German medicine and the demonic human experimentation and murder of thousands of innocent people by willing German doctors.†(2)Are they up to a medical cause or a political adventure? What are their ulterior motives and the hidden agenda? The important question is how the medical fraternity takes the lead and commits he inous atrocities against the defenseless human being lying flat in front of them which even the fighting forces would not have done in the normal conditions? To kill a man by firing bullets from a weapon is understandable. But to use a doctor’s knife, cut one by part by part, torture and lead one to slow death of agony is barbaric. In this essay an attempt has been made to discuss the issues related to medical trials, to determine the role of medical practitioners in the extermination system and the perverse acts committed by them in the cause of so-called medical research. How and why the German medical practitioners go insane. Are the acts committed due to political pressure or for the sadistic pleasure, also known as medical research for the benefits of the generations to come? How does it progress unabated with no authority to restrain the atrocities committed by highly professional doctors? How the best friend of the sick people turns out to be the worst enemy, whose ver y presence sends shivers for the man in front of him? Spitz gives the historical evidence as for the behaviour of the doctors. She argues, â€Å"Science and ideology are treacherous partners. When an ounce of science is mixed with a ton of zealotry, catastrophic results can be anticipated.†(xvi) The well-trained physicians turn overenthusiastic as the result of the relentless Nazi propaganda that they are expected to perform a great national duty to the

Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tesco - Essay Example This move will deal with the bargaining power of clients so that clientele retention is attained in the supermarket sector. On the other hand, the supermarket should look into the switching cost to ensure that it is as low as possible. This may be accomplished through loyalty card or otherwise smartcards (Zentes, Morschett & Schramm-Klein, 2007, p. 85). In this case, loyal customers will earn discount points whenever they shop in the Tesco supermarket and in that case strive to shop more. The supermarket hence, should introduce more incentives to consumers. Similarly, motivation for customers can be achieved through the involvement of an upcoming sport which serves not only as a promotional strategy but also as a social responsibility. Every initial purchase in the food products should go hand in hand with discount vouchers to retain clients. On the other hand, the supermarket should consider bargaining power of competitors. It should be noted that the supermarket sector has grown si gnificantly and therefore dominance goes with large players in the business sector. For this reason, the supermarket sector of Tesco has to move into greater store and increase retailer concentration. This has to use a wide range of formats to gain the required dominance in the market scale. Since the purchasing power in the food industry today is concentrated on small numbers of retail buyers, the corporation should operate in a mature market. This implies that the supermarket should move into gathering important data on client preferences so that they can handle the increasing sophistication among consumers (Zentes, Morschett & Schramm-Klein, 2007, p. 94). Branding and reputation is as well an imperative idea to be embraced by the company. In such a case, Tesco supermarket should strengthen its brand through quality services to consumers. Branding has to maintain quality throughout their packaging activities. This will reduce competition as well as confusion among buyers (Zentes, Morschett & Schramm-Klein, 2007, p. 99). Similarly, there should be product and service re-engineering to enable better management of the food product lifecycle and efficiency in delivery. Based on this activity, the sector should focus on enhancing core ranges as well as introduction of quality products to clients. It is also recommended that the sector integrates IT in its operations. This follows the fact that contemporary business operations are in an increasingly dynamic and complicated environment. Innovation in the supermarket will be of great help to move the company from one level to another. In any section of the business, systems of control stock, inventories and delivery records are core to profitability of the business (Zentes, Morschett & Schramm-Klein, 2007, p. 100). The supermarket should therefore, focus on extranet systems to enable the sector utilize the internet in creation of proprietary and personalized information dissemination between the section and its part ners. The last thing this supermarket should consider is supplier management. Research indicates that Tesco relies on goods from overseas in which case suppliers are competitive on prices. The company should therefore, use many suppliers from around the world to reduce chance of shortage in supply. The relationship with suppliers, however, should be unique to gain their trust. Budget Distribution Summary Because of the ever increasing completion in the â€Å"

Personal Paper on Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Personal Paper on Euthanasia Essay A life is ending. Losing a life is tragic enough within its own right. Euthanasia appears to be the best option for a patient. Though the family and patient have suffered immensely, they must continue to suffer mentally and physically through the passive euthanasia process. This particular patient’s death was tragic and slow. The body had broken down, and only a shadow of who the person once was laid in bed as the last breath was taken. If another form of euthanasia, called active euthanasia had been legal, a large amount of pain and suffering could have been spared. If passive euthanasia is legal, then active euthanasia should be legal too. Passive Euthanasia, is when a physician determines that death is unavoidably close, that rather than prolong suffering, to stop whatever treatment is keeping the patient alive. An example would be, if a person is being kept alive by a machine that breathes for them, a decision is made to turn off the machine, indirectly ending the person’s life. Also, there are many cases that are not as simple as that. Often times, passive euthanasia can be performed on a conscious person. If a person is alive, but barely capable of living, a tube that feeds the patient is removed. This leads to the patient starving to death, which led to the patient dying in great pain. My father was diagnosed with terminal colo-rectal cancer, and instead of trying surgeries that would lengthen his life by a few months, he chose not to. My father was passively euthanized. He died a much different man that I have known my whole life. He, once a large burly man had lost around a hundred pounds, and was bedridden. All of his muscles were slowly disintegrating because of atrophy since he was unable to get out of bed. He was in major pain despite the medication he was given, and in the last month of his life the cancer had gone into the blood and to his brain, making him hallucinate,

Theories Of Organisational Communication Social Work Essay

Theories Of Organisational Communication Social Work Essay Attraction- selection attrition framework; In Attraction, everyone is different, people are differently attracted to a career for different reasons, this could be their passion, helping and/or looking after people could make them happy and fulfilled, even if they just want to try different job, and this is depending on their personality to choose the organization they want. In Selection, in organization the Manager chooses who she thinks will qualified for the job, with the same interest, goals, and personal reasons. Attrition, this is the complete opposite of attraction, where the people who didnt qualify, or found that they are not happy with the organization, management, job tend to leave, only those people who have the same ideas, interest, fits in the job chose to stay. A very good example is in the residential home I used to work, Id chose that residential home to apply because of a good reputation. The manager hired me because she thinks have got the qualification they are loo king for, and I can contribute to the organization. I and the other lady started working as a Induction carer, 3 days after the manager talked to me, and told me my colleagues are happy working with me and I can start working as a regular carer, working on my own. The sad part was, the new lady didnt appear two days after. http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Public%20Relations,%20Advertising,%20Marketing%20and%20Consumer%20Behavior/Attraction-Selection-Attrition_Framework(ASA).doc/ There are many types of organizational communication. Individuals communicate with peers, superiors, and subordinates within the organization. Managers manage through communication. Employee communication departments attempt to inform and/or secure cooperation; from employees. Labour relations specialists deal with labour unions. Formal and informal communication takes place between departments and role occupants throughout the organization. Public relations specialists communicate to external audiences about the organization in general,and advertising departments communicate to consumers about the organizations products and services. Change agents; and other organizational representatives communicate with clients and community representatives. Finally, organizations communicate with other organizations which generally share common problems or values. In groupthink or team work, a manager or team leader should be sensitive, open to accept suggestions from your subordinates in order t o meet the target goal. Working in groups are building blocks for meeting organization goals.   Managers should also consider ways to develop leadership in team members.   Training for versatility in leadership styles through workshops could encourage this growth.   Encouraging self-growth through concept of motivation. Task 2 Report Catherine Lodge is a residential care home that aims to provide continuous professional care to all its residents within a safe, friendly and relaxed environment. It caters up to 39 elderly residents providing each individual with a personal form of service derived from a carefully formulated care plan that meets their needs. This is provided both in short and long term basis depending on each individual. Since each resident has specific needs that range from physical, psychological, social or spiritual needs on a 24 hour basis it requires a certain level of personnel to facilitate this. Show me the money! Well, thats what financial data do. They show you the money. They show you where a companys money came from, where it went, and where it is now. There are four main financial data. They are: (1)  balance sheets; (2)  income statements; (3)  cash flow statements; and (4)  statements of shareholders equity. Balance sheets show what a company owns and what it owes at a fixed point in time. Income statements show how much money a company made and spent over a period of time. Cash flow statements show the exchange of money between a company and the outside world also over a period of time. The fourth financial statement, called a statement of shareholders equity, shows changes in the interests of the companys shareholders over time. A balance sheet provides detailed information of companys asset, liabilities and shareholders equity. Assets are things that company owns that have value. They can either be sold or used by the company to provide services that can also be sold. It also includes physical property of the residents that can/cant be touched but nevertheless exist and have value. Liabilities are amounts of money that a company owes to others e.g. all kinds of obligations like borrowed money from a bank,payroll a company owes to its employees, environmental costs, taxes owed, and obligations to provide good quality of services. Shareholders equity or capital Income statements is a report that shows how much revenue a company earned over a specific period, it also shows the companys net earnings and losses. Cash flow statement report a companys inflows and outflows of cash. This is important because a company needs to have enough cash on hand to pay its expenses and purchase assets. While an  income statement  can tell you whether a company made a profit, a cash flow statement can tell you whether the company generated cash. It shows the net increase or decrease in cash for a period. In Residential home, we have enough staff to work in the morning, in the afternoon and at night. We have a monthly staff meeting to raise our concern at work, problems with our colleagues, and suggestions on resident/s care plan, and we also have a separate Senior Carers meeting, the Manager/Owner and the Deputy Manager always presents the Carers the needs of good communication, and team work. We have supervision every 3 months, the manager is giving feedback to identify our strengths and weaknesses, and if they think the staff needs to be trained, and appraisal every 6 months in which we rate ourselves, and the Deputy Manager is rating the staff as well in our performance, we can voice out our own opinion, about the job, colleagues and if we are getting support from the Managers. The company also provided us mandatory training, manuals, booklets, presentation from the lecturer and a questionnaire that we need to answer at the end of the training. Catherine Lodge has a seasonal newsl etter where they introduce new staff member, residents who celebrated their birthday, and about the achievements of the company. A good communication skill is very important, specially working in care settings. Working with vulnerable adults requires more understanding, must have different techniques and strategies use in supporting communication between the individual with specific communication needs. Good communication with vulnerable adult is essential. This includes identifying behaviour triggers, by means of visual prompts and speaking in short, clear sentences. I considered that the social workers used verbal and non-verbal forms of communications and applied the principles of active listening. Some people with disabilities are not able to use speech as their principle means of communication. They may however be able to use an alternative method of communication such as symbols and symbolic languages. It is vital to recognise that symbols are different from pictures. Pictures generally convey a lot of information at once but their focus is often unclear. Symbols, on the other hand, are often designed to convey a particular meaning. Symbols or symbolic languages can be applied to signify many aspects of verbal communication. Symbols can be presented through visual, auditory and/or tactile media and can take the form of gestures, photos, manual signs, printed words, objects, reproduced spoken words or Braille. Symbols help understanding which can increase involvement, choice and confidence. It helps support creativity and self expressions. Using mobile phones at work is strictly prohibited, as it may interfere in whatever the carer is doing or it may cause accident e.g if the Carer is feeding, doing morning care. Some residents may have challenging behaviour that sometimes affects the carer itself, they best react in a calm, quiet environment, Carer must consider the Residents preference, cultural difference, language and environment, assumptions, judging , noise, and distraction. The use of technology helps the care workers by having an easy access by just typing the residents name all his/her information daily report will come out in one click, comparison graph of residentials weight incomparable from past to present will easily available in one click, not unlike if it is just written and filled you have to search for it and check the book where you filed it. Make work a lot easy, report will neat and tidy, because it is easy to edit if you accidentally misspelled. Disadvantage of it is if the computer got virus and/or the system got hacked all the information will wipe out, that will give an extra work for the manager, care workers, and andmin. Code of Practice sets out the minimum standards and guidelines for hygiene, fire building safety, and the level of care required , which aims at ensuring that residents in the homes receive services of acceptable standards that are of benefit to them physically, emotionally and socially. (http://www.swd.gov.hk/doc/downsecdoc/code_rchpd.pdf)I will assess the workplace strategies, policies and procedures that should be in place to ensure good practice in relation to all forms of communication in health and social care setting. The health and social care industry mainly focuses on the heart of care. Since it involves people, communication takes a very important role. Effective communication is not only significant to the health care professionals in ensuring the improvement of clients quality of life by addressing their needs. It is also the clients and support systems right in the promotion of their equality and diversity as people. Workplace strategies, policies, and procedures for good practice in communication focus on ensuring privacy, and confidentiality, disclosure, protection of individuals, rights and responsibilities, and equal opportunities. Moreover, a practice on disciplinary procedures, complaints policy, and flexible working also benefit the entire health care team. If all these flow efficiently, there will be no hindrance in the system of communication. For example, one of our residents had a GP appointment and I escorted her. When we arrived in the GP surgery, the receptionist asks the residents loudly for the reason that I am in the GP surgery in which other patients can hear, there is a break in the policy of ensuring privacy. Whenever I start expressing my concerns at her pace, then I will definitely not have my privacy. It establishes a barrier between us personally and professionally. As a patient, I might start complaining with regards to her action. Effective communication is a key factor in success may it be in work or association. It is always a part of personal and professional progress. Therefore, to master communication skills and techniques is a very important area to develop in each individual. In the given scenario its implication is to render a quality health care service which benefits the service providers and the service users. Data Protection is designed for person responsible for safeguarding the confidentiality of information and of the person giving his or her own information. One of its purposes is to safeguard the fundamental rights of individuals. This act governs the right storage and processing of personal data held in manual records and on computers. Under this act, the rights of the individual are protected by forcing organisations to follow proper and sound practices, known as data principles (DPP). Reporting and recording of information is a vital form of communication needed to ensure the safety of vulnerable adults. Parts of a carers daily routine should include making notes in a care file, as well as using communication books, forms and documents. Make sure that the writing is legible and clear, that is signed and dated, and that where necessary copies are made. http://transparency.dh.gov.uk/dataprotection/information-charter/ Health and Safety inspections are an important monitoring tool to help ensure that workplace hazards are controlled and that risk to employees and others are eliminated or minimised. Inspections should be carried out regularly.  Carers must inspect the equipment/s before using it, report and record all faulty equipment/s to the Manager e.g. heating, lightning, and ventilation. Charter is for anyone who has dealings with the Department of Health whether through correspondence, involvement in public policy consultations or if for any other reason we hold personal information about the resident. Communication and listening gives clues to a better understanding of an individuals preferences and wishes. Gathering information about an individual will lead to creative and supportive ways of providing care. Carers must exercised active listening and having the ability to empathise with the residents by paraphrasing what the others saying to her and understand it. So that, she will increased the trust and gain more information from the individuals. Communication itself is influenced by individuals values and culture. Carers should always make sure of eye contact; focus on what they are saying and acknowledged what is being said to her by paraphrasing or nodding her head. Carers must also use different technique to enhance their social culture, beliefs and values. Like for instances, I usually greets and chat with the individuals by smiling , Carers must apply the sense of touch in her communication. I believes that by means of touch can be a very positive form of communication in that it can provide comfort and re-assurance when someone is distressed making them feel safe and secure, it can also be a signed of love, respect and affection to somebody or it may calm someone who is agitated. In this case carers show that they met the desires of the human beings to their client which are love, purpose and self expression. Carers should be warm and caring in nature and she has the ability to connect well with others. Fine qualities and having a good communication skill plays important role in the delivery of care in whatever ethnicity, sex, education or social care they may be. Saving face is saving your credibility, dignity and ethics by means of being honest, getting out of the situation by means of good explanation. Theories of Organisational communication Attraction- selection attrition framework; In Attraction, everyone is different, people are differently attracted to a career for different reasons, this could be their passion, helping and/or looking after people could make them happy and fulfilled, even if they just want to try different job, and this is depending on their personality to choose the organization they want. In Selection, in organization the Manager chooses who she thinks will qualified for the job, with the same interest, goals, and personal reasons. Attrition, this is the complete opposite of attraction, where the people who didnt qualify, or found that they are not happy with the organization, management, job tend to leave, only those people who have the same ideas, interest, fits in the job chose to stay. A very good example is in the residential home I used to work, Id chose that residential home to apply because of a good reputation. The manager hired me because she thinks have got the qualification they are loo king for, and I can contribute to the organization. I and the other lady started working as a Induction carer, 3 days after the manager talked to me, and told me my colleagues are happy working with me and I can start working as a regular carer, working on my own. The sad part was, the new lady didnt appear two days after. http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Public%20Relations,%20Advertising,%20Marketing%20and%20Consumer%20Behavior/Attraction-Selection-Attrition_Framework(ASA).doc/ There are many types of organizational communication. Individuals communicate with peers, superiors, and subordinates within the organization. Managers manage through communication. Employee communication departments attempt to inform and/or secure cooperation; from employees. Labour relations specialists deal with labour unions. Formal and informal communication takes place between departments and role occupants throughout the organization. Public relations specialists communicate to external audiences about the organization in general,and advertising departments communicate to consumers about the organizations products and services. Change agents; and other organizational representatives communicate with clients and community representatives. Finally, organizations communicate with other organizations which generally share common problems or values. In groupthink or team work, a manager or team leader should be sensitive, open to accept suggestions from your subordinates in order t o meet the target goal. Working in groups are building blocks for meeting organization goals.   Managers should also consider ways to develop leadership in team members.   Training for versatility in leadership styles through workshops could encourage this growth.   Encouraging self-growth through concept of motivation. It is very important to have an effective communication at shift turnover; Care workers should give this a high priority. Shift turnover should be included in the safety-critical topics supervised and audited periodically by management. They should identify its importance in policy and procedures, assign responsibilities and set minimum standards. A description of how to conduct an effective handover should be available so individuals can assess and improve their own practice. High risk handovers needing extra attention should be flagged up. The importance of effective communication skills during shift handover and throughout other work activities suggests this attribute should be amongst the selection criteria for key posts. Furthermore, opportunities should be available for existing staff to develop their communication skills if required. To be able to motivate a care worker is to identify his strengths and weaknesses, and by giving him feedback. Being open to accept negative feedback is the key for being productive by improving, and being eager to learn, and update skills. Team work and good communication with one another will make each others work easy. Task 3 Interpersonal communication How the use of ICT in health and social care benefits service users? The Information Communication Technology aims to the efficiency of the health care services. This means to b a better outcome for the same or a lesser use of resources. ICT also helps and empowers the health and social care staff, it improves positive patients experiences and facilities research and development relevant to health and social care, the legal consideration in the use of ICT is the Health and Safety. How the ICT supports and enhances the activities of care workers and care organisations? As aforementioned, the ICT supports and enhances health and social care activities of care workers and care organisations. It is through administrative, financial, clinical, infrastructure applications, etc. That the needs of staff are met; and there is a high regard innovation in business administration, efficiency and quality of service. It also helps in meeting requirement of other agencies, accountability, and audit . For example, the use of a computer screen is an indication of a patients arrival makes the work of the receptionist lighter and easier. Imagine if there was no such thing then the receptionist will have to entertain every person coming in a queue. She will not have enough have time to do other things. Working with vulnerable adult, Professionals must shows different techniques and strategies used in supporting communication between the individual with specific communication needs. Good communication with people with vulnerable adult is essential. This includes identifying behaviour triggers, by means of visual prompts and speaking in short, clear sentences. I considered that the carers must use verbal and non-verbal forms of communications and applied the principles of active listening. Some people with disabilities are not able to use speech as their principle means of communication. They may however be able to use an alternative method of communication such as symbols and body language. It is vital to recognise that symbols are different from pictures. Pictures generally convey a lot of information at once but their focus is often unclear. Symbols, on the other hand, are often designed to convey a particular meaning. Symbols or body language can be applied to signify many aspect s of verbal communication. Symbols can be presented through visual, auditory and/or tactile media and can take the form of gestures, photos, manual signs, printed words, objects, reproduced spoken words or Braille. Symbols help understanding which can increase involvement, choice and confidence; it helps support creativity and self expressions. Theories of Interpersonal Communication Uncertainty reduction model People have an urge or need to reduce uncertainty about individuals that they find attractive and this motivates them to communicate In Social network theory closeness develops if people proceed in gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to more intimate levels of exchange. People consciously and deliberately weigh the costs and rewards associated with a relationship and seek relationships that reward them and avoid those that are costly. People connect with others because they believe that rewards or positive outcomes will result. Expectancy value model People believe according to their expectations, and evaluation. The behaviours they perform in response to their beliefs and values are undertaken to achieve some end. However, although expectancy-value theory can be used to explain central concepts in uses and gratifications research, there are other factors that influence the process.  Attribution theory is significantly driven by motivational dri ves, looking at how the person constructs the meaning of an event based on the persons motives to find cause on persons surroundings. Personal development planning is the lifelong process of nurturing, shaping, and updating persons knowledge. It is about allowing individuals to improve and develop in line with the industry in which they engage or aspire to engage. It is about widening or broadening their knowledge and skills in order that they will continue to have a place in the flatter structures of todays organisations. The benefits of personal development planning are that it provides a schedule to work to motivate the individual and suggests a framework for monitoring and evaluating achievements. A good example is If you are currently working as a first line manager or senior administrator and aspire to the position of your manager, you may need to acquire new skills or develop your lower level skills to a higher level in, for example, budgeting, managing people, performance review, report writing and chairing meetings. You would need to planhow you are going to acquire these skills and over what time frame. Personal development planning can also be the basis for: Assessing where you want to be and how you can get there ,keeping skills up-to-date through meetings, trainings, reading the record book of the residents, updating it via computer, particularly in IT and technical areas, Continuous learning, gaining satisfaction from achievements through feedback from colleagues and management whether it is formal or informal, Building up transferable skills, such as time management, adaptability to change, self-awareness, and supporting future employability. You have to set yourself a SMART objective; they must be attainable, viable and realistic time-frame. A good example of SMART objective is; Within the next 12 months (time-bound), I will devise and implement a system (specific) which will enable the team to communicate more effectively with each other (achievable and realistic) through monthly group meetings and three-monthly one-to-one meetings (measurable).

Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Diabetic foot disorders are the rated as the number one cause of hospitalisation for diabetic mellitus patients in the United States and abroad. Among these disorders are, foot infection, ulcerations, cellulitis and gangrene. It is estimated that a 100 people per week lose a digit, foot or a lower limb due to diabetes mellitus8. Diabetic foot disorders and its long term complications account for direct medical budget of hundreds of millions of dollars annually, including lengthy hospital stay of patients and lengthened periods of disability. In the UK, diabetes cost the NHS over  £5 million pounds per annum and the cost of diabetic foot complications including amputations was  £252 million in 2003. Figures show that 1 in 10 foot ulcers result in the amputation of a foot or a leg. The most distinguishing foot complication of diabetes is the ulcer, which is of course a major risk factor for amputation. Mortality rates after amputation are as high as 50 percent in diabetic patients. Although the primary pathogenesis is neuropathy, immunopathy and vasculopathy (ischemia), diabetic foot ulcer is attributed to a number of other risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors as well as the foot ulcers themselves is crucial in the general management of diabetic foot ulcers and amputation prevention. Therefore, immediate and aggressive treatment of all diabetic foot ulcers can prevent worsening of the complication and the need for amputation. The objective of treatment as a result should be prompt intervention to allow good healing of the ulcer and once healed, to prevent its recurrence. However, the optimum care for foot ulcers rest upon the treatment teams understanding of the pathophysiology associated with diabetic foot ulcers, familiarity with current methods of treatment and the concept that the multidisciplinary team approach is the gold standard in preventing limb amputation. And above all, prevention of foot lesions should be ranked highest amongst all priorities. EPIDERMIOLOGY There is no concrete data illustrating the true picture of the incidence and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers. However, majority of the information gathered about its aetiology is based upon national hospital discharge survey (NHDS) data, which does not include a vast number of patients with ulcerations treated on the outpatient basis. Cross-sectional and population-based studies help to approximate the distribution and frequency of diabetic foot ulcers, while prospective cohort studies and retrospective case-control studies are instrumental in detecting associated risk factors for the foot lesions. According to Reiber et als epidemiological review, chronic ulcers represented 2.7% of all diabetes related admissions and 46% of all admissions due to any ulcer condition. The 1983-1990 NHDS survey also revealed that the highest ulcer rates were found in individuals aged 45-64 years, with male preponderance over the female. The average length of stay (LOS) for diabetes pat ients discharged with ulcers was 59% more than in patients without ulcers, around 14 and 8 days, respectively. Numerous population-based studies record a yearly incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in the magnitude of 2% 3% in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, while the prevalence ranges between 4% and 10%. These studies also suggest a widespread trend for higher prevalence of ulcerations with increasing age and duration of diabetes. Once ulcerations have occurred, recurrence rate can get to 50% in 2 years and 70% in 5 years. Despite the fact that mortality linked with diabetic foot ulcerations has not been recorded, 70% to 80% of amputations of the lower extremity can be lead by foot ulcers. Amputation is one of the most common sequels in persons with diabetes mellitus now exceeds 100,000 per year in the United States and amputations involving the leg, foot or toe(s) are not uncommon. Approximately 15% of patients with diabetic foot u lceration will require amputations due to uncontrolled infection, gangrene or failure of the ulcers to heal. Unfortunately, there is a 3-year survival rate of 50% after the amputation of a lower limb, while the 5-year survival rate is approximately 40%. Subsequently, less than half of the patients who end up with lower extremity amputation (LEA) of one limb go on to develop a severe contralateral ulcer within a space of 2 years, thereby putting the future of the other limb at risk as well. AETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Several factors have been implicated in association with diabetic foot ulcers. These factors include the intrinsic complications of diabetes mellitus in affiliation with some extrinsic factors and together predispose the diabetic patient to the risk of developing foot lesions. The trilogy of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease (ischemia) and susceptibility to infection (immunopathy) are the main predisposing factors for lesions on the foot. The impact of peripheral neuropathy may not be easily detectable, with little or no signs and symptoms. Notwithstanding, its pathology advances fast and the end stage of tissue necrosis quickly reached. Distal sensory neuropathy can be seen in 20% to 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes. This decreases the protective sensation in the feet, leading to abnormal spreading of foot pressure and shear stresses with subsequent callus formation. This in turn diminishes the patients ability to perceive minor trauma to the foot and this is de monstrable by vibration perception threshold (VPT) and insensitivity to a 10g monofilament, which conveys a 7-fold and 18-fold risk of foot ulceration respectively. Distal motor neuropathy precedes atrophy of the intrinsic and extrinsic musculature of the foot, with accompanying deformities of the toes and metatarsals heads on the plantar aspects of both feet and consequent bunions on the 1st and 5th metatarsal-phalangeal joints. However, these irregularities of the feet cause an increase in the foot pressures, particularly around the bony prominences, thus resulting in more calluses forming. These calluses then go on to further increase the local subcutaneous pressure, ultimately resulting into haemorrhage beneath the callus, a lesion known as the pre-ulcer is then formed. With progressive pressure mounting on the pre-ulcer, the overriding skin breaks down to produce an ulcer. In addition, distal autonomic neuropathy could as well spark a plantar ulcer directly by reducing sweating in the feet with consequent drying and cracking of the skin28.Peripheral arterial disease and impaired cutaneous circulation are also important risk factors for both ulcerations and LEA. Peripheral arterial ischemia sometimes produces ischemic ulcers, but these are rare occurrences i.e. (1% 2% incidence) than neuropathic ulcers (65%) or combined neuroischaemic ulcers (25%) 28. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (Tc pO2) levels less than 30mmHg and absence of peripheral pulses or past history of vascular surgery are strong separate predictors of ulceration. Diabetic foot infections often set in and complicate already settled foot ulcers. Although, infections play an integral part in the pathway to lower limb amputation, there is inconclusive data with regards to the position of susceptibility to infection in causing ulceration. Even though, most ulcers are caused by minor foot trauma, and in some cases the patient takes no notice of because of the sensory neuropathy. These minor injuries (i.e. extrinsic factors which include; wearing ill-fitting/brand new shoes, hot soaks occupational hazards and to a lesser extent self-induced trauma by cutting toe nails or calluses) constitute the leading cause of acute precipitant of diabetic foot ulcers. In addition, there are also a number of intrinsic factors which could predispose diabetics to developing foot ulcers and they include; longstanding diabetes, past history of ulcers or amputation, age, weight, retinopathy, nephropathy and structural deformities of the foot (i.e. Charcot foot) have al l been associated as risk factors for ulcerations. However, bad biomechanical function arising from the complications of diabetes generally leads to foot injuries in most diabetic patient. ASSESSMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS A detailed and well organised evaluation of the lower extremities is crucial when commencing the treatment of a diabetic foot ulcer. Before carrying out the physical examination of the limbs, it is noteworthy to perform a quick inspection of the patients shoes for good fit, foreign objects and the wear and tear patterns. The clinical evaluation must include an appropriate assessment of the ulcers aetiology, its extent and depth, presence and severity of both local and systemic infection and peripheral vascular status. A comprehensive assessment of the patients general health and glycaemic control, extent of peripheral neuropathy, a careful, yet detailed dermatologic and musculoskeletal examination should also be included in the evaluation. These assessments determine the ulcers healing rate, potential progression to LEA, and the likelihood of reoccurrence. Therefore, they should be accomplished urgently in the ambulatory or hospital setting and require a multidisciplinary team approach, with possible consults to the infectious disease specialist, podiatry, vascular and orthopaedic surgeons. Bilateral lower limb pulses must be examined. When pulses are diminished or not palpable, Doppler segmental pressures to the toes or TcpO2 measurement are indicated and the vascular experts should be brought on broad. The neurological evaluation should assess the patients sensorium and deep tendon reflexes. The ankle and knee reflexes are tested with the aid of a simple neurological hammer, while the important aspects in the evaluation of the sensorium are: reduced sensation to pain, light touch, hot/cold and vibratory sensation. Pain sensation is easily assessed with a disposable needle. A piece of cotton ball, lambs wool or 10-g monofilament can be used to evaluate the light touch and a 128-Hz or 512-Hz tuning fork or biothesiometer are approved for vibratory evaluation. Cold perception is also assessed by submerging the metal arm of a neurological hammer into cold water and then placing it against the patients skin. Anatomical deformities such as hammertoes, previous foot amputation, or Charcot joints often produce high pressure areas which result in ulceration. The musculoskeletal evaluation cannot be done by visual inspection of structural findings alone, it must also include testing for muscle strength, weakness, atrophy and contracture. Assessment of joint range of movement and gait evaluation with computerised plantar pressure analysis will also be of great value in appreciating the abnormal dysfunction contributing to ulceration. Examination of the skin of both feet is also carried out with detailed attention to the quality and integrity of the skin around the interdigital areas. Changes in the colour of the skin often associated with spotted rashes and heel fissures are suggestive of a significant level of ischemia. Toenail changes and presence of subungual drainage are pointers to a proximal source of infection. Clinical assessment of the ulcer should include a detailed description of its appearance as well as the measurement of the ulcers diameter with a wound measuring guide. Outlines of the ulcer on a translucent film or plastic sheet can also promote this process. This must be documented and retraced at subsequent visits to assess the treatment process. The depth and extent of the wound should be carefully explored with a blunt sterile probe. Special care must be taken to probe for hidden sinus tracts and subcutaneous abscesses or to identify tendon, bone or muscle or joint involvement. Ulcer depth is a significant predictor of healing rate, possibility of concurrent osteomyelitis and the chances for amputation. The presence of infection is a huge cause of the need for hospitalization. Therefore, a general assessment with physical examination, laboratory investigations and radiographic studies is important in classifying infection as absent, mild, moderate or severe. This classification acts as a guide to determine or select the initial antibiotic therapy and to decide when to hospitalise the patient. Clinical signs of infection such as purulent discharge, odour, cellulitis, fever and leucocytosis must be documented. However, Leucocytosis and fever might not always be noticeable even in the presence of acute osteomyelitis. Approximately 54% of patients with diabetic foot infections had normal white blood cell count and no fever44. Bacteria cultures of anaerobes and aerobes (both gram positive and gram negative) should be obtained from the base of the ulcer, bone or blood or from all three depending on the clinical setting. This helps in clarifying the true hidden pathogens and may facilitate the decision to adjust initial antibiotic therapy. Physical examination of signs of infection in the patient centers on the presence or absence of systemic responses such as fever, tachycardia, sweats or hypotension and the appearance of the wound and adjacent tissues. Early signs of infection are evident by increased amount of exudates from the wound, base of the ulcer changes from pink granulation to yellowish- grey tissue, tenderness and induration around the ulcer. Infection should be considered severe when the patient present with systemic toxicity, signs of fascilitis or a rim of erythema around the ulcer greater than 2cm in diameter. Laboratory investigation to confirm the presence of infection should include white blood cell count and differential which could show leucocytosis or a shift to the left or both, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which when elevated above 40mm/hr is a strong indicator of osteomyelitis28. In addition, glucose, bicarbonates and creatinine levels are tested to rule out possible hyperglycaemia, metabolic acidosis or azotemia from dehydration which strongly suggest the presence of a severe infection. Radiological evaluation should be obtained promptly to ascertain the presence of fractures, foreign objects or signs of osteomyelitis. Plain x-rays have a low sensitivity, thus they should be interpreted with caution as changes in the foot caused by Charcot foot could mirror those osteomyelitis when seen on a plain x-ray. However, a normal plain x-ray of the foot does not rule out osteomyelitis, a repeat should be requested 2 weeks later to exclude occult osteomyelitis. As indicated, other imaging modalities can aid in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis such as CT scans, magnetic resonance scan (MRI) or leukocyte scans and each having their own strengths and limitations. TREATMENT Management of the foot ulcer is mostly determined by its severity, vascularity and the presence of infection1. Recognition of its root cause will serve as a guide during the course of treatment. However, a multidisciplinary team consisting of specialist from podiatry, orthopaedic surgery, vascular surgery, the infectious disease service and diabetic education service should be involved in the management. The multidisciplinary team approach is due to the complicated nature of the disease itself as well as managing the various comorbidities associated with foot ulcers. In addition, the approach has been demonstrated in clinical trials to produce significant outcomes in terms of improvement and reduce the incidence of major amputations. The wound should be immediately relieved of all pressures, elevated and rested at first presentation. Effective local wound care must be carried out and ill- fitting footwear should be discarded and replaced with appropriate surgical or relief shoes for protection. And in cases where total nonweightbearing with crutches is impossible, a pressure felt padding or foam can be used in the surgical shoes. However, the total contact cast (TCC) is considered gold standard to protect neuropathic ulceration during ambulation due to its ability to eliminate high pressure areas under the foot. Adequate alternatives to the TCC are the Scotchcast Boot or removable walking braces. Treatment of hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis, renal insufficiency and other comorbidities that may coincide in the ulcerated patient should be treated simultaneously with the foot lesion. Consultations to internal medicine, endocrinology and cardiology are generally frequent when managing acutely infected patient who need to be hospitalised. Such consultations are usually sought early in course of treatment to ensure good metabolic control. Diabetic foot infections are usually polymicrobial and as such initial antibiotic therapy should be broad-spectrum after obtaining good aerobics and anaerobic culture samples. Antibiotic therapy should be later modified according to the culture and sensitivity test and the patients clinical response to the initial therapy. Surgical debridement and drainage or local partial amputations are crucial adjuncts to antibiotic therapy. Underlying osteomyelitis usually present in moderate to severe infections and often requires aggressive bony resection of infected bone and joints accompanied by cultured -directed antibiotics for 4 6 weeks. Foot ulcer patients with underlying ischemia should undergo revascularization with angioplasty or vascular bypass procedure if its anatomically possible. Even with severe distal arterial obstruction, revascularization to return pulsation to the foot is a major part of the limb-salvage strategy and may be accomplished in such patients. However, where revascularization is not feasible or in cases of advanced infection or extensive necrosis, amputation at some level may be required. Wound care is also necessary after surgical or sharp debridement of all callus and necrotic tissue58. Practically, a warm, moist environment conducive for wound healing should be maintained.This can be arranged using saline wet/dry dressings or special dressings such as semipermeable films, hydrogels, calcium alginates and hydrocolloids. Tissue-engineering dermis is a more recent class of biologic dressing and has been tested to be more effective than saline dressings. There is little evidence to support the role of topical enzymes and should be avoided. Although the role of topical growth factors in the healing rate of ulcers is beneficial, however, they are expensive and should be limited to patients whose ulcers cease to improve after 4-6 weeks of adequate therapy. PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE AND AMPUTATION Prevention is regarded as a major aspect in avoiding ulcer relapse and diabetic lower limb amputation. Recurrence rate with diabetic foot ulcers and LEA are as high as 50% -70% over three years. Comprehensive intervention programs tailored to individual patients can lower these rates and can be accomplished with a multidisciplinary team approach. Control of both macrovascular and microvascular risk factors is also of great importance. Patient education and re-education plays a primary, yet active role in this program and involves instruction in foot hygiene, the need for daily inspection, proper footwear and the necessity of prompt treatment of new lesions. In addition, regular and frequent visit to a diabetic foot care program is crucial. The feet must be thoroughly inspected at every visit and should include debridement of calluses and ingrown toenails. This provides an excellent opportunity to back up self care behaviour as well as allowing early detection of new or imminent foot problems. Appropriate therapeutic footwear with pressure-relieving insoles and high toe box which protect the high risk foot are an essential element of the prevention program and have been associated with significant reductions in ulcer development. Subsequently, patients with major structural deformities may benefit from reconstructive surgery to prevent recurrent foot ulcers. Surgery may be especially suitable in patients who cannot be accommodated in therapeutic footwear. And because patients with healed ulcers are at risk for future ulceration, these preventive measures must be integrated into a long life strategy and treatment program. CONCLUSION Diabetic foot ulcerations, infections, gangrene and lower extremity amputations (LEA) are major causes of disability to patients with diabetes mellitus. And these often results in extensive periods of hospitalisation, substantial morbidity and mortality. Although not all such lesions can be prevented, it is certainly possible to reduce their incidence by proper management and prevention programs. A multidisciplinary team approach to diabetic foot disorders has been regularly proven to be the best method in achieving favorable rates of limb salvage in this high risk population. Foot care programs accentuating preventive management can reduce the incidence of foot ulceration through modification of self care practices, appropriate evaluation of risk factors and formulation of treatment protocols directed at patient education/re-education, early intervention, limb preservation and prevention of new lesions. The joint team of medical, surgical, rehabilitative and footwear specialist shou ld impart effective and coordinated services for acutely infected or ischemic inpatients as well as management for the outgoing patients. In general, the incidence and morbidity of diabetic limb amputations can be reduced if the above principles are embraced and integrated into everyday patient management protocol.

Salvador Dali’ Essay -- essays papers

Salvador Dali’ Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 in the small farming town of Figueres in the Catalonian region of Spain. It was here in the foothills of the Pyrenees where Dali spent his youth, that many of the ideas, inspirations, and images repeated in his paintings have their roots. As a young boy Dali attended the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. At the academy Dali studied many different painting styles and became quite proficient at them. Many of his earlier works include impressionist, cubist, and realist techniques. As Dali matured, these interests were transformed into his own surrealistic style. The first recognition of Dali’s talents came with his first show held in Barcelona in 1925. He became known globally when three of his paintings, including The Basket of Bread were on display at the 3rd annual Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1928. It was also this year that Dali joined a group of painters led by Andre Breton known as the surrealists. Soon after this Dali met Gala Eluard when she was on a trip with her husband Paul Eluard. Gala became Dali’s lover, business manager, and primary inspiration. Dali soon became the leader of the Surrealist movement, until he was expelled from the group during a trial in 1934 due to political clashes during WWII. After this expulsion Dali slowly moved away from his surrealistic style and moved into his classic period. His new interests in the Catholic Church, science, and history are evident in these works. Some of his most well known works from this period are The Hallucinogenic Toreador, The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, The Sacrament of the Last Supper, and The Ecumenical Council. Many of these classical works were done on large canvases 14 feet high. In order to paint these huge canvases, Dali removed a section of his floor and set up a system of pulleys so he could raise and lower the canvases between the two floors. Dali’s wife Gala died in 1982 and he was faced with a deteriorating health in his own life shortly after. In 1984 Dali was injured in a fire in his home in Pubol, Spain. In 1986 a pacemaker was implanted into Dali, and he died from heart failure on January 23, 1989. During his life, Dali was responsible for thousands of works, which varied from oils, watercolors, drawings, graphics, sculptures, jewels, and fashion designs to ... ... a woman in a yellow boat located close to the bottom center of the painting represents this invasion. The large flies flying past this bay are symbolic of Dali’s common joke that even the notorious flies of the region could not drive away the tourists. Just above the bay, the bull appears. Dali painted the bull using the tentacle of an octopus. In the seats is a glowing bust of his wife Gala. The frown on her face is because she hates bullfights. In the back of the arena are many doors around the perimeter. Every door but one has a statue standing near it. These statues give the doors manmade and earthly qualities. The one door in center without the statues actually has an angel at each side. These angels represent a passage to heaven. This is where the bull or the toreador exits when one of the two is killed in the fight. In the bottom right corner is boy standing with a whip behind his back. This is Dali himself watching over the scene. The images in this painting are very different from the melting figures and objects from his surrealistic period. This classic period brought about much more realistic figures, while still having that twist that Dali is famous for.

The Theme of Responsibility in An Inspector Calls Essay -- An Inspecto

The Theme of Responsibility in An Inspector Calls John Boyton Priestly (1894-1984) wrote ‘An inspector calls' in 1945 and it was first performed in 1946. The play was set in 1912. Priestly wrote this play to send out a message of responsibility to the people. Priestly believed that even in 1945 they were still the same as they were in 1912, which is why Priestly choose to set the play in 1912, along with various other reasons, such as he wanted the audience to have the benefit of dramatic irony. During the Second World War, the people had united to fight one common enemy. This unity was that he wanted us to understand and believe in. He wanted to give everyone a choice. Should we go back to the way it was before the First World War, when everything was based on class, where an individual had to look solely after themselves, and no one else, or should we move forward, walk into the society where everyone looks for one another, where we all are equal and we work together? He wanted people to choose. He demonstrates the difference with the older generation representing the society where you care for yourself, and some of the younger generation that represents a new society where you care for one another. Priestly used dramatic irony to discredit Mr. Birling’s pronouncements in the opening scene. When Mr. Birling, head of the family and a respectable business man, talks of things that the audience knows is wrong, such as his opinion of the ‘unsinkable’ titanic, we begin to doubt Mr. Birling’s opinions, because we already know that the Titanic does in fact sink. At the time of which the play was set in, there were bitter divisions between the rich and the poor, industrial towns such as ‘Brumley’ were ... ... was to change, he knew the adults were stuck in their own reality and will never change so he puts his hope into the children. However, Priestly also knew that some of the children like the adults will not agree with his ideals, which is where Gerald comes in. Gerald is just like Mr. Birling as he does not think that he has done anything wrong. For these reason I dislike him. J. B. Priestly’s message (told via the inspector) tells us that we should have collective responsibility, and share our duties equally between us all. Do we really want to live in a world where those of higher class choose our fate, or do we want to choose our own fate? His message is still relevant today, as I think we still live in a society such as the one Priestly desires, we still need to learn his message, as we need to remember our responsibility for others and ourselves.

Financial Accounting Theory and Analysis Essay

a. What, if any, ethical issue is involved in this case? Legally the financial vice president is not obligated to move to the new standard; however, I do see an ethical issue with this decision. The ethical decision lies in the fact that the vice president is knowingly presenting financial statements that do not reflect the true condition of the company. This is a great example of the line between ethics and law. Technically, if one is not breaking a law, then one is not creating fraud; however, this does not imply that the actions are not controversial, particularly if they impact employees’ well beings. As CPA and auditors, it is not our job to remove risk. FASB gives detailed rules-based guidance because in our current litigious environment companies have proven over and over again that management needs this guidance to ensure that transactions are reported consistently and appropriately. Ethics are suppose to go beyond the court room. In my opinion, in practice when applying principles, one is to meet legal expectations while being trustworthy. b. Is the financial vice president acting improperly or immorally? I do believe that the vice president is acting inappropriately because he knows that the report does not reflect a fair presentation of the company’s financial condition. The objective of general purpose financial reporting is to provide financial information about the business that is useful to present and potential equity investors, lenders, and creditors in making decisions in their capacity as capital providers. Information that is decision-useful to capital investors is also used by managers and executives to make important, impactful determinations about business operations. c. What does Hoger have to gain by advocacy of early implementation? Hoger’s promotion shows her responsibility to the public’s trust, her complex body of knowledge, and her strength and competiveness of work done. Her awareness and forwardness can prevent the company from making unhealthy decisions. Hoger may not see the immediate impact in her career for her actions, but the world of accounting is an industry where good praise will spread quickly and go far. Her unconventional forwardness and emphasis on credibility and dependability is seen by the vice president and all involved. She is a true professional. If the vice president’s final decision is followed through, then hopefully she’ll be permitted to make a note in the financial statements or speak to her point when the deceitfulness of the statements is brought to the surface. I also like to think that she’ll sleep better at night. d. Who might be affected by the decision against early implementation? Those currently invested in the company, potential investors, lenders, and other creditors will be impacted. Information that is decision-useful to capital investors is also used by managers and executives to make important, impactful determinations about business operations. Ironically, by pretending the problem is not present, the vice president is creating a huge revenue-impacting nightmare for his company and setting-up for his own downfall. He is presenting phony information that will cause poor business decisions to be made by managers and executives of the company. The (unknown to be poor at the time) poor decisions can snowball into excess expenses, horrendous operational and production process changes, and lay-offs. This will all fall on the vice president’s shoulders, as explanations will be demanded as to how the company’s position quickly changed. The desired consequence is to always apply sound accounting principles to information and supply results to exte rnal users to show the company’s resource allocation process. Per the text, the objective of a theory is to explain and predict. challenges relates to real or perceived differences between U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and IFRS with respect to their underlying philosophies.

Qualitative Versus Quantitative

soft Versus decimal query There has been a large gist of complex interchange and argument environ the topic of query methodology and the theory of how studies should push forward. Majority of this debate has refer on the issue of soft versus vicenary view. Different methods fail popular at different social, political, historical and cultural propagation in our development, and, both methods engage their strengths and weaknesses. The tec and/or the culture of the organization is a key factor in prefer competent choice of methods. entropy fuel be valued or qualitative. Quantitative selective information termination questions like how homosexualy? or how frequently, and argon measured/reported on a numeric scale, permitting categorization of pooled data, decimal reporting, statistical analysis and mathematical modeling. soft data be non-numerical. Qualitative inquiry seeks to analyze verbal discourse with interviews, written documents, or participatory lin e observations. This paper will break bulge both qualitative and quantitative methods singly to explain apiece angiotensin-converting enzyme in deepness. as well a chart will be included to escort and see the features of each side by side. In demonstration of the paper will be an slip of both methods being ingestiond to get a line how women snarl about shopping at QuickStop stores and why. As interrogationers Ulin, Robinson, and Tolley (2006) have explained, three around coarse qualitative methods are actor observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups (p. 2. * Participant observation is captivate for collecting data on by nature occurring behaviors in their usual contexts. In depth interviews are optimal for collecting data on individuals personal histories, perspectives, and experiences, particularly when reasonable topics are being explored. * Focus groups are effective in eliciting data on the cultural norms of a group and in generating b pass overviews o f issues of concern to the cultural groups or subgroups represented. Qualitative methods are typically to a greater extent(prenominal) than flexible and allow more fundamental interaction between the inquiryer and the reflect participant.For example, qualitative methods, ask intimatelyly open-ended questions that are not necessarily worded in barely the same way with each participant. In regards to open-ended questions, participants are free to react in their own words kind of than simply yes or no. Also in qualitative methods, the race between the investigateer and the participant is often little formal than in quantitative look. Participants have the opportunity to respond more in an elaborate way and in greater detail than is typically the case with quantitative methods.Open-ended questions have the magnate to provide responses that are * Meaningful and culturally salient to the participant * Unanticipated by the researcher * Rich and explanatory in nature The th ree most common sampling methods in qualitative research purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling, one of the most common sampling strategies, groups participants agree to preselected criteria relevant to a particular research question. In quota sampling, while designing the study how many people with characteristics to include as participants.The criteria subroutined is to focus on people that we think would be most in all likelihood to experience, know about, or have insights into the research topic. A third type of sampling, snowballing withal known as chain referral sampling. In this method, participants with whom contact has already been made use their social networks to refer the researcher to separate people who could potentially participate in or contribute to the study. According to Carroll (2010), qualitative studies frequently use primary data (e. g. interviews), others involve analysis of media reports and other unoriginal data sources. For example, community attitudes about road safety might be explored through interviews (primary data) or by analyzing newspaper articles on rights of bicyclists (secondary data). (pg. 3480). Quantitative research can be defined as a meaning for testing objective theories by examing the relationship among variable stars. The variables will so be measured, typically on instruments, so that numbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.According to Creswell (2008), the final written report has a set structure consisting of introduction, literature and theory, methods, results, and discussion (p. 4). You measure variables on a ideal of overpowers, which can be tissues, cells, animals, or humans. You then express the relationship between variable using effect statistics, such as correlations, relative frequencies, or differences between means. Features of Qualitative & Quantitative interrogation Qualitative Quantitative The aim is complete, detailed descri ption. The aim is to severalise features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. investigator whitethorn only know roughly in advance what he/she is looking for. police detective knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for. Recommended during earlier phases of research projects. Recommended during latter(prenominal) phases of research projects. The design emerges as the study unfolds. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. researcher is the data gathering instrument. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data. data is in the form of words, pictures or objects. Data is in the form of add up and statistics. Subjective-individuals interpretation of events is important, e. g. , uses participant observation, in-depth interviews etc. object glass seeks precise measurement & analysis of rank concepts, e. g. , uses surveys, questionnaires etc. Qualitative data is more rich, time consuming, and less able to be publicized. Quantitative data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail. Researcher tends to become subjectively immersed in the subject matter. Researcher tends to remain objectively separated from the subject matter. (the two quotes are from Miles & Huberman (1994, p. 40). Qualitative Data Analysis) An example with qualitative and quantitative research project was designed to understand how women felt about shopping at QuickStop stores and why. This research project was completed by Chris Hawkes, a Senior Market Researcher at MarketResearch101. At some point a staff member realized that QuickStop seemed to be patronized by many more men than women.About two dozen flowing or potential effeminate customers were give to come into a research quickness to discuss the use of gadget stores in general, and later in the interviews the discussion was direct specifically to Qui ckStop convenience stores, in particular. Studies showed that women viewed the convenience stores to be primarily for men, with little or no consideration for women. The bathrooms were believed to be the dirtiest that could be found in the city. It was also viewed as the kind of place for a man to buy gas, and to buy a sixpack of cheap beer and cigarettes.Once the instruction team had an soul of what issues they faced they needed to use quantitative research to get numbers. For the quantitative research they conducted 250 telephone interviews with a combination of egg-producing(prenominal) respondents. Over 76% of all female QuickStop customers were women under 30 years old, without children. The rock-steady news is 64% who did not use QuickStop said that if these stores were to update their color schemes, denudate up their bathrooms and update their health and feminine products they would be willing to try QuickStop again.In general when conducting two phases of research its most often the case that the qualitative research phases is conducted first as a lead. Qualitative research tends to help the management team understand the underlying issues, and then the second phase (quantitative in this case) helps to understand how pervasive these feelings/attitudes are among a certain target audience. References Carroll, Linda (2010). Levels of Reconstruction as complementarity in confused Methods Research A affable Theory-Based Conceptual Framework for integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Research.International Journal of environmental Research and public Health. (p. 3480). Creswell, John (2008). Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Research Design, Third Edition. (p. 4). Hawkes, Chris (2011). Retrieved from http//www. streetdirectory. com/travel_guide. Miles & Huberman (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Retrieved from http//www. gifted. uconn. edu/siegle/research/Qualitative/qualquan. htm Priscilla, Ulin. , Elizabeth, Robinson. , & Elizabeth, Tolley (2006). Qualitative Research methods A Data Collectors Field Guide. Qualitative Methods in Public Heatlh.