Abortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity :: essays papers

fluidbirth in Canada - A Crime Against HumanityEvery year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never bump off thecourtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they atomic number 18 completelylegal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killingchildren, as substantially as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions moldiness be taken to stop it. When a muliebrity aborts, she is not only killing her child but is alsoharming herself. legitimate abortion is the fifth prima(p) cause of maternaldeath.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion raise immediatecomplications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 young aborters are at an eve higher risk.4These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions,hemorrhage, and shoemakers lastotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a womandoubles her chances of getting breast or cerv ical cancer. Every attendant abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is hardly the beginning. Aborted mothers bequeath also suffer many another(prenominal) psychological effectuate as well. These include nightmares,hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of penalty from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons one hundred eightery% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem deal a quick fix at the time, but in that location can be many and harshconsequenc es. Yet even if a mother is volition to accept the consequences, she istaking away a human life. stringently biologically speaking, it is undeniablethat a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception,the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the babys mall is pumping its own circulatory establishment with a blood type different from its mother.9Doctors measure the end of life by question death. It is then reasonable to reckon that the beginning of life should be at least m easured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unhatched babys brain waves can be recorded by an pneumoencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many mess believe that a fetus is merely a sens of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i n the first trimester, all of those body systems arefunctional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex thanAbortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity essays papersAbortion in Canada - A Crime Against HumanityEvery year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never reach thecourtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they are completelylegal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killingchildren, as well as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions must be taken to s top it. When a woman aborts, she is not only killing her child but is alsoharming herself. Legal abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternaldeath.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion suffer immediatecomplications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions,hemorrhage, and endotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a womandoubles her chances of getting breast or cerv ical cancer. Every consequent abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is merely the beginning. Aborted mothers will also suffer many psychological effects as well. These include nightmares,hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of punishment from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons 180% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem like a quick fix at the time, but there can be many and harshconsequenc es. Yet ev en if a mother is willing to accept the consequences, she istaking away a human life. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniablethat a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception,the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the babys heart is pumping its own circulatory system with a blood type different from its mother.9Doctors measure the end of life by brain death. It is then reasonable tosay that the beginning of life should be at least measured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unborn babys brain waves can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many people believe that a fetus is merely a mass of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i n the first trimester , all of those body systems arefunctional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex thanAbortion in Canada - A Crime Against Humanity essays papersAbortion in Canada - A Crime Against HumanityEvery year in Canada, over 100 000 murders never reach thecourtroom.1 They never reach the courtroom because they are completelylegal. Abortion continues to grow across the world, hurting and killingchildren, as well as their mothers. Abortion is immoral, harmful, and actions must be taken to stop it. When a woman aborts, she is not only killing her child but is alsoharming herself. Legal abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternaldeath.2 Ten percent of women undergoing abortion suffer immediatecomplications, and one fifth of those are consid ered life threatening.3 Teenage aborters are at an even higher risk.4These serious conditions include infection, embolisms, convulsions,hemorrhage, and endotoxic poisoning.5 By having an abortion, a womandoubles her chances of gettin g breast or cerv ical cancer. Every consequent abortion increases these chances.6 Physical damage, however, is merely the beginning. Aborted mothers will also suffer many psychological effects as well. These include nightmares,hysterical outbreaks, feelings of immense guilt, and fear of punishment from God.7 In fact, aborted women visit doctors for psychosocial reasons 180% more than other women.8 Abortion may seem like a quick fix at the time, but there can be many and harshconsequenc es. Yet even if a mother is willing to accept the consequences, she istaking away a human life. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniablethat a fetus is a human, and an individual. at the moment of conception,the fetus has a DNA that is different from his or her mother. By three weeks, the babys heart is pumping its own circulatory system with a blood type different from its mother.9Doctors measure the end of life by brain death. It is then reasonable tosay that the beginning of life shou ld be at least measured by the beginning of brain life. By six weeks, an unborn babys brain waves can be recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG).10 Between six and seven weeks, the unborn baby will respond to external stimuli, such as touching his or her face.11 While many people believe that a fetus is merely a mass of flesh, and is not nearly as complex as a human, this is completely untrue. By eight weeks, all of the body systems are present, and by eleven weeks, still i n the first trimester, all of those body systems arefunctional.12 In fact, the body of an unborn baby is more complex than

In a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was to draw :: English Literature

In a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was to draw attention to the plight of the Irish people and motivaIn a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was todraw attention to the downfall of the Irish people and motivatereaders to find a workable solution. contrary most essays, this iswritten for the reader to see through what the narrator is expressing.Swift shows the readers his proposal mainly through irony. Irony canbe defined as expressing the diametrical of what is meant. This is agr have technique of the sense of humor and sarcasm used in the proposaland in Swift.One of the voices that are present passim the story is that ofirony. The story itself is ironic since no one can take Swiftsproposal seriously. This irony is clearly demonstrated at the decision ofthe story Swift makes it clear that this proposal would not affecthim since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any morechildren. It is a great contradiction in terms a nd absurdity that a husbandand father propose the idea of cannibalism. The narrator does notwant the reader to agree that the solution to overpopulation andpoverty in Ireland is to eat babies he wants the reader to see thereneeds to be a practical solution.Although something seems one way to the narrator, Jonathan Swift wantsthe reader to see it in an opposite light. Swifts opposition isindirectly presented. The author uses satire to accomplish hisobjective not only because he is able to conceal his true identity but also because it is the most effective way to awake the people ofIreland into seeing their own deprivation.Firstly, the narrative voice begins the essay by describing thehorrible conditions in which the Irish peasants are living. Hedemonstrates there is a serious problem with a great need for asolution. He then suggests a solution and then lists a whole list ofadvantages. His proposal of eating the Irish babies is followed byadvantages such as by the sale of their childr en, the parents wouldbe rid of the charge of maintaining them after the initial year. To apoverty stricken person this would take a huge load off of theirshoulders by not having to raise a child, mend at the same timemaking money off of them to better support themselves and lifestyle.I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and indeed very properfor landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents,seem to have the best title to the kitchen is a quote that shows a

Linux Versus Windows NT Essay -- essays research papers

Comparing any network operating system is really like comparing an apple to an orange. To essay between the underlying functionality of each operating system geared towards different networking environments is too broad of a subject to come to a reasonable conclusion. However, whizz could argue nearly the advantages and disadvantages pertaining to the Unix based Linux operating system and the infamous Windows NT operating system. I commode compare and contrast these two operating systems, but I can&8217t take a strong stand because it all depends on a number of situations including the different networking environments, the applications that are readily available, and most of the essence(p) what the user wants. The goal is to find out which of these two operating systems is the lesser of two evils by examining their features.I have decided not to discuss woo because it goes without saying Linux wins the price to performance ratio. What is more important to discuss is the initi al hardware and software fees, and maintenance and reliability which often go hand in hand. According to Sunworld, the estimated minimal required hardware costs that would go with a Linux machine is $200. In an NT machine, the minimal hardware cost rose up to $1300. This is because NT requires at least a 486 Pentium with 16MB of RAM. Linux can run fine on a 386 computer with only 8MB of RAM.What do the majority of users need a computer for? in general word processing and the use of a database program. An NT user doesn&8217t have to go with Microsoft Office, but a lot of people do, costing a braces hundred dollars. Linux can run an Office Suite program that is very similar to Office for at least half the cost. Even a set free version of WordPerfect 8 is available for Linux.A Linux system comes with a range of development tools (C/C++ Compiler, Perl, Tcl/Tk, Python, CORBA, Ada, Pascal, Lisp, REXX, Java, etc., as well as many text editors and interconnected development environments ), all of which are free. In order to create software under Linux, there is no expensive package to buy.Many NT users complain about system crashes or the dreaded &8220blue screen of death. NT systems face a lot of down times, which creates a problem for mission critical situations. It is very thwarting to be working on something for a couple of hours and see it vanish or crash. Unix based systems have experie... ...n that path. NT, however, does not provide the source code therefore, pass the user to only Microsoft&8217s networking and programming solutions. The creator of Linux, Linus Torvalds, developed this operating system using past versions of Unix strengths, and avoiding the weaknesses and flaws that have been created for more than 30 years. Linus also got sponsor from would be programmers from all over, many being hackers, to create this sophisticated operating system. Having a wide variety of help and feedback supports the integration of a system that can satisfy most users. NT, on the other hand, is developed by their own team, not taking much consideration to what consumers really want to see.Although this report isn&8217t very cohesive to intervene between each subject, I think it provides grounds to see clearly how well Linux presents itself over NT. Although Linux is still in its unmannered stages, the mark it has put in this world is quite remarkable. These early version of Linux provides a stepping stone for later versions to come, and possibly dominate the market when executives and upper train managers alike come to see that Linux is a great industry solution.

Bombay :: essays research papers

The city of Bombay originally consisted of seven islands, namely Colaba, Mazagaon, Old Womans Island, Wadala, Mahim, Parel, and Matunga-Sion. This group of islands, which have since been joined together by a series of reclamations, create part of the kingdom of Ashoka, the famous Emperor of India.      After his death, these islands passed into the hands of various Hindu rulers until 1343. In that year, the Mohammedans of Gujerat took self-denial and the Kings of that province of India ruled for the next both centuries. The wholly vestige (mark) of their dominion over these islands that remains today is the mosque at Mahim.      In 1534 the Portuguese, who already possessed many important trading centers on the western coast, such as Panjim, Daman, and Diu, took Bombay by force of arms from the Mohammedans. This led to the establishment of numerous churches which were constructed in areas where the majority of people were Roman Catholics. There used to be two areas in Bombay called "Portuguese Church". However, only one church with Portuguese-style facade still remains it is the St. Andrews church at Bandra. The Portuguese also fortified their possession by building forts at Sion, Mahim, Bandra, and Bassien which, although in disrepair, can still be seen. They named their new possession as "Bom Baia" which in Portuguese means "Good mouth". Sir George Oxenden became the first British Governor of the islands, and was succeeded later by Mr. Gerald Aungier who made Bombay more populous by attracting Gujerati traders, Parsi ship-builders, and Muslim and Hindu manufacturers from the mainland. He fortified defenses by constructing the Bombay stronghold (the Fort, since then vanished except for a small portion of the wall) and provided stability by constituting courts of law. Between 1822 and 1838, cattle from the congested fort area used to graze freely at the Camp Maidan (now called Azad Maidan), an open ground opposite the Victoria Terminus. In 1838, the British rulers introduced a grazing fee which several cattle-owners could not afford. Therefore, Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy spent Rs. 20,000 from his own purse for purchase some grasslands near the seafront at Thakurdwar and saw that the starving cattle grazed without a fee in that area. In time the area became to be cognize as "Charni" meaning grazing. When a railway station on the BB&CI railway was constructed there it was called Charni Road. The Zoroastrian Towers of Silence on Malabar hill were reinforced by Seth Modi Hirji Vachha in 1672.

One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich: Summary Essay -- essays resear

One mean solar day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich SummaryIn the book One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, the main character Ivan andthe other prisoners in the camp are treated very badly. Ivan tries to makehimself warm and to assume enough solid food to keep himself alive. He does only what isnecessary to please the guards and the commanders of the camp. Ivan uses hisintelligence to make his life easier so he can save up more zip to face thework load. He and the members of the 104th group manage to survive because ofIvans personal attention to himself and his care about the others. Moreimportantly, Ivan survives because his intelligence, his spirit, his deceptionand careful teamwork.Ivan has to be smarter than the guards in the camp, so, he will not get intotrouble and get treated even worse than he does. When Shukhov and Senka want totransport the hacksaw-blade that Ivan found back at the camp, Shukhov removesboth mittens, one with the blade. He then unbuttons his coat and l et the guardssearch him. They search him side and back and his pocket, and one guard alsocrushes the mitten that Ivan holds out which is the modify one. This was in thebook as,He was about to pass him through when,for safetys sake, he crushed the mittenthat Shukhov held out to him - the inane one. (Solzhenitsyn, Pg. 107)The smart move that he does is to place the empty mitten on top and take therisk that the guard will only search the empty one. Shukhov was lucky. Anotherexample of having to be smarter is after they find the forest panels, they want tocarry them back to make the place where they work warmer. Shukhov knows that ifthey carry it flatways, it will be easily noticed by others, so, they hold itupright in between them and set off. If they are seen by the superintendent, forinstance, it will look as if there are three of them walking together. In thisway, they cheat the guards as tumefy as the superintendent, because Ivan and theothers pick up use their intelligence.Iv an mush has a strong spirit to survive in the camp, he uses his spirit to makehimself feel better in the camp, so, he can live happier and longer. He alwaysthinks about the future, which make an outcome for himself. Without an outcome aperson may become very tragic and do not want to do anything, so he actually makehimself live longer. For example, "Freedom meant one thing to him - home"... ...k-report. In fact, they sincerely have notdone anything. They get good rations for five geezerhood. It is in the book as, "Acleverly fixed work-report meant good ration for five days" (Solzhenitsyn,Pg.72). Also, Ivan also help other members of the team on their work, whenGopchik brought some Aluminium wire to Shukhov and ask Shukhov to teach him howto make a spoon. Shukhov teaches him, so, both of them can have less chances ofgetting the disease. This is in the book as "its good for making spoons. Teachme how to cast them." (Solzhenitsyn, Pg.53). By teamwork, they s ave up moreenergy and get deeds done easily.Ivan survives his life in the prison camp because of his personal attention tothings such as his food and his care about the others when he works as a teammember. He is also smarter than the guards and the other prisoners so that hedoes not get into trouble easily. He is also deceptive in order to get betterfood and tools to work with. He also has strong spirit to face the harsh lifebecause he know he will have freedom in two years. When Shukhov and the otherprisoners are treated badly at the camp, Shukhov is able to do better to keephimself alive.

Successful Military Innovation Essay examples -- Military History

The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and subsequently the collapse of the Soviet empire changed the political armed forces situation within Europe. Nearly five decades of Cold War between the western sandwich Alliance and the Warsaw Pact countries, with comparatively large standing armies and prepared mobilization plans, ended. The fight between large mechanized formations on European countryside became more and more improbable, and forced many Western countries to identify a new role for their armed forces as new threats emerged. Yet, those military organizations often struggle with such doctrinal innovations, especially in stinting austere conditions combined with rapidly technological improvements. While such strategic situations determine the environment in which the military operates, ultimately people lay the foundations for a new approach. Therefore, successful innovation within a military organization depends on aligning political and military strategy, creating a learning o rganization, and assuring customary support to the military. This essay identifies principles that induce change on organizational level based upon examples from the interwar period, and has not the intention to discuss neither tactical nor technical changes in detail. Such an essay would require more in depth study that draws us away from the initial argument. Without a doubt, during the interwar period almost all military organizations reformed, based on their lessons learned from World War I, and each of them booked significant advances in certain domains. Nonetheless, some organizations as a whole proven to possess more adaptive skills than others.Above all, innovations within military organizations depend on the integration of political and military vision. ... ... The Challenge of Change Military Institutions and overbold Realities, 1918-1941. Edited by Harold R. Winton and David R. Mets (Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 37-41. Williamson, Murray. Armored Warfare The British, French, and German Experience, in Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Edited by Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millet (Cambridge, NY Cambridge University Press, 1996), 22-24. Eugene, C. Kiesling in The Challenge of Change Military Institutions and New Realities, 1918-1941. Edited by Harold R. Winton and David R. Mets (Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 3 and 10-11. Murray, op. cit., 14-15. Ibid, 9. Ibid, 13. House. Towards Combined Arms Warfare A Survey of Tactics, school of thought and Organization in the 20th Century. 66. Murray, op. cit., 17. Ibid, 24-25. Murray, op. cit., 125-127 and 139.

Successful Military Innovation Essay examples -- Military History

The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and subsequently the collapse of the Soviet empire changed the political army situation within Europe. Nearly five decades of Cold War between the Western Alliance and the Warsaw Pact countries, with relatively large standing armies and lively mobilization plans, ended. The fight between large mechanized formations on European countryside became more and more improbable, and forced many Western countries to identify a new-fashioned role for their armed forces as new threats emerged. Yet, those military organizations often struggle with such doctrinal mental hospitals, especially in economic austere conditions combined with cursorily technological improvements. While such strategic situations determine the environment in which the military operates, ultimately people lay the foundations for a new approach. Therefore, successful innovation within a military organization depends on aligning political and military strategy, creating a learning org anization, and assuring popular support to the military. This essay identifies principles that stool change on organizational level based upon examples from the interwar period, and has not the intention to discuss neither tactical nor technical changes in detail. Such an essay would look more in depth study that draws us away from the initial argument. Without a doubt, during the interwar period almost all military organizations reformed, based on their lessons intimate from World War I, and each of them booked significant advances in certain domains. Nonetheless, some organizations as a whole proved to possess more adaptive skills than others.Above all, innovations within military organizations depend on the integration of political and military vision. ... ... The Challenge of Change legions Institutions and New Realities, 1918-1941. Edited by Harold R. Winton and David R. Mets (Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 37-41. Williamson, Murray. Armored Warfare The British, French, and German Experience, in Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Edited by Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millet (Cambridge, NY Cambridge University Press, 1996), 22-24. Eugene, C. Kiesling in The Challenge of Change Military Institutions and New Realities, 1918-1941. Edited by Harold R. Winton and David R. Mets (Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 3 and 10-11. Murray, op. cit., 14-15. Ibid, 9. Ibid, 13. House. Towards Combined Arms Warfare A Survey of Tactics, Doctrine and Organization in the twentieth Century. 66. Murray, op. cit., 17. Ibid, 24-25. Murray, op. cit., 125-127 and 139.

The Relationship between Architecture and Politics

computer computer architecture is non merely classified as depicting the elegant and formal penchants of an designer, but it hindquarters besides display the hopes, former battle and the elements nicety of the society. Although nowadays architecture tend to revolve around roots that represents neutrality in order to stand for a fitter subject or image for the metropolis without back uping any political government, it can be certainly championed that utilizing architecture as a major(ip) calamus to typify force-out and authorization for a society such as Nazi Germany and Rome power is a needed and preferable tool in order to maintain the bequest of the society or country alive as clip base on ballss by as the built milieu is a text whose every word reveals a nations vicissitudes. As insofar the edifice that was merely said to be a run or architectural Earth can function a intent of being a ocular metaphor, denoting something in its ain musical mode about the power, being , strength, protectiveness and manifestation of the establishment it represents.First, architecture supports the system with a structural theoretical account which is used by the society to gestate the universe which makes it connected with political power as said by Mitchell kapor sparkhitecture is politics . Hence in that location is a structural relationship between the societal and political sides, architecture reveals the power that is embodied in it and specifically the monumental architecture that is formed by the political powers. These memorials shows the power of the persons accountable for their formation and they describe the nature of that power. For illustration, utilizing axial architecture symbolizes systematically more to power which constraint the community as it directs people to that domicile or that specific power. Whereas, Non-axial architecture ever maintain the equality of destiny parts and puts the picks ever between peoples custodies instead than the command of certain end. Furthermore non axial architecture is on a regular radical connected to political power as authorization from the multitudes. Architecture that symbolizes top-down distribution of power is the antonym of an architecture that demonstrates control vested by the community as shown even in prisons as the wardens power is over the inmate which shows the supreme border of societal control.As architecture can command the manner we understand the universe, looking at architectural history the relation between the monumental architecture and political power can systematically be seen. Architecture gives us the pick to visualise mentally and back up societies to make systems that shows their societal and cultural traditions and patterns. Hence, leading use it to show the manner that they understand innovation in and show how they crave to be seen by the people and implement their sentiment and position and carry their power over the public. However, Nazis and Romans leaders in Germany and Rome in the old centuries used architecture in a manner to exudate power and domination in order to maintain their bequest as a society with power and wealth in the universe, hence their edifices had an tremendous consequence on the manner designers designed their edifices in the westerly side of the universe and still continues till this cardinal grosbeak hours.Nowadays along the western universe the consequence of Roman power is still manifest which shows how utilizing architecture as a society power tool can be effectual and is needed by the universe, and many European metropoliss still have keepsakes that instigate them of the ancient Rome. Architecture played an indispensable function in conveying in concert the imperium and was critical to the success of Rome as both formal architecture like temples and basilicas for illustration Bridgess and aqueducts had a major function in stand foring Rome power. Communication across the far flung was back up b y the building of the roads with their Bridgess. Furthermore, clean and hygiened H2O was provided to the people in metropolis by aquedects.Whereas, the basilica fulfilled administrative maps which was showed in American metropoliss in town halls or courtyard houses and other edifices besides served Roman power weather straight or indirectly. The basilicas had assorted features and constituents such as a projection which the Romans called apsis which acted as the place of the magistrate accountable for distributing the jurisprudence and along with it comes a scene or an image of the emperor which is the beginning of the jurisprudence. Then above the image is a curvey articulated lorry -circular line which acts as an reverberation in the signifier of the apsis. The basilica in Roman metropolis carried the construct of Roman authorization for the people of the Roman Empire. The acquaintance with individual was a leading account for the usage of the basilica soft as the typical becom e of the Christian church from the abstraction of the Emperor Metropolis.The disposal of the infinite and temperament of the edifices in the second century formed about a symbolic map of Roman power which the survey of this early second century edifice composite show us. To sum up the Roman architecture, the basilica with its apsiss points and symbolized to Roman jurisprudence power the authorization of classical acculturation and belles-lettres is shown by its formal libraries and the faith is reflected to the public life of the people by the temples. Besides Trajan which is the Roman military leader and has images at the centre of the metropolis in the imperial axis has ordered the built of the markets on the adjacent hill which states an obvious statement about the emperor being the supplier for the Roman public.Reminders of the civilization and traditions of the Roman Empire are still at that place through and throughout the western universe metropoliss. Most Leaderships wa nt to give bullying and control through their built environment and ocular testament to their strength and control to the people and the state.Examples can be seen all around the universe. In Paris after short sleep became the male monarch of the imperium in 1804, he precious Paris to go the new Rome so you can happen assorted similarities in their edifices.The Arc de Triumphed, started to be built by Napoleon in 1806 but non finished until 1836, is the highly celebrated illustration of the Gallic pickings of Roman expressionsIn Vendome in Paris, the leader Napoleon ordered the built of a monumental free-standing column that was clearly based and similar in construction to the column of Ttrajan from the early 2nd century.A bronze statue is on the top of the vendomne column and has a costume that looks like a Roman, like Trajan on his column.The service of the Madeleine. The interior decorator Pierre-Alexandre Vignon field supported his building on the distinguishable strain of the Italian Temple.Second, Nazis and Hitler besides used architecture in a manner to endanger and restrict the people and travel frontward in the power of their duty. It is shown clearly in their undertakings as some component like stark frontages, columns, pilasters, and clean lines is used in a monolithic graduated table by the projects designers such as Albert Speer, Hermann Giesler, and Fritz Todt to organize a new aesthetic and demonstrate power, control and domination.Moreover, the buildings sizes gave a immense consequence and showed clearly the wealth and power of the Germans to anyone who ventured their edifices. Hence, the metropolis of Berlin was to be the metropolis of the Nazis corp, and as such, needed to sleep together and resemble the cognition, dominance, and quality of the Fascist circle. Raising images of the Catholicism Empire, the remake Berlin would be titled Germania, the old European works for Deutschland. Domination of the universe was the purpose of Berlin so it required more memorials.So to ceremonialize the power of the German province a program and theoretical accounts to make a metropolis with an tremendous figure of public edifice were made by the designers responsible of the undertaking. Many edifices are still lasting boulder clay nowadays although the Berlin program did non to the full win that represent the rare trend of the government. The manner of intimidaton architecture was the chief manner used by the Germans while edifice and planing their edifices. Other edifices non representative of the Nazivogueall the samereference Nazi purposes by glorifyingboththe yesteryear of Teutonic and the civilization of the rural every bit good. Always, Nazi architects workedto confirmthat their edifices servedthe needsof the government. Influenced by classicalHellenic Republicand Rome, they cultivatedANaesthetic of order, victimization lowest ornament andactionstraight lines. From the Baroque epoch, theyrealisedthe facilityof edifices a s looks of wealth and power, and they triedto includethat look into their edifices. Nazidesignserved the province by suing its values, showing its power, andmakingedifices capable of lastingfor 100s of old ages.The Nazistriedto regulateeachfacetof Germans lives designcontenda cardinal roleduring this. The order and plainness of Nazi facadesmirroredthe orderperfectby Nazi theoreticians. Topographic points designed for mass community experiencesdesignedunityround theparty. Buildingsreflectiverural and Teutonic pastsemphasisedthe Nazis glorificationof thesetimes.Constantaspects of Nazi buildingssupposedto impress contrary diplomats served dual responsibility by expressingthe strength of theNational Socialistic German Workers PartytoeverybodyUnited Nations agencylapsed.Adolf HitlerandSpeerhad religion that thatdesignhadthe powertodeeplyinfuence peoples s ideas and actions. In theirneuroticplans for Germania, they showedexpresslythatdesignwas a tool of the state.itdbeaccustomedprom ote political orientation, even at the spending of livability.Adolf Hitlerwishedbuildings to be the word in rock, lasting, a clear representations of the Nazi ideals. Same all the antithetic assortments of art throughout the Socialism programme, Structure was a marionette of both the province and the commonwealth every bit good as John Ruskin the English author said Architecture is the work of nations . This shows that architecture can be used in a dramatic multiple of ways to supply the state, civilization and society its ain characteristic and personal appeal.A majordistinctionbetween theclassicalstatedesignofThird ReichReich andclassicaldesigninalternative trendycountries in Europe and America is that in Germanyit perfectly washoweveroneaspectof a badly autocratic province. Its dictatorly aimedto determinestudyorder gridironcityplans, axial symmetricalness, hierarchicplacement of province structureamongurbanhouseon a scalemeantto strengthenthe interpersonal and governmental regulation wanted by the Nazi propose, thatanticipated the supplanting ofreligious beliefandmoralvalues bya trade name newquite worshipsupportedthe cult of Nazi sufferer and leaders and witha worthsystemnearthat of pre-Christian RomeIn Mein Kampf, Germanic Nazi states that industrialized Teutonic metropoliss of his twenty-four hours lacked high unfastened memorials and a halfway speech pattern for district spirit.In fact, unfavorable judgment of thefastmanufactureof German citiesonce1870 had already been voiced. The ideal Nazitownwasntto beoverlarge, sinceit had beentoreplicatepre-industrial values and its province memorials, theproductand symbols of corporate attempt, were toleanmostprominence by being centrally set within the new and reshaped metropoliss of the enlarged Composer.Nazi s remarks in Mein Kampf indicated that he saw edifices suchlike the amphitheatre and besides the Circus Maximus As symbols of the politicalwould possiblyand power of the Romanindividuals.authoritaria nexplicit, Architectureisntsolelythewordin rock, howeveris alsothe look ofthe religionand strong belief of a community, alternativelyit signifiesthe ability, illustriousness and awards of an excellent adult male or single . In Potentate s cultural way, TheBuildings of the Reich, delivered in Sep 1937, inNuremberg, hethoroughbredthat the new edifices of the Reich wereto bolsterthe authorization of theNational Socialistic German Workers Partyand besides thestate and atidenticaltimegive giganticproofof the community . Thesubjectproofof this authoritymayalready be seen inNuremberg, metropolisand Berlin and would go stilla batch ofevidentoncea batch ofplans had beenplaceintoresult.Hitler himself was as a girlish adult male was ab initio impresssed with the highly formed, ornate, neo-Baroque trend unfastened in assorted Habsburg-era people edifices. Flat so, he matte that the cardinal making for a morality populace concern was that it verbalised the capableness of its person. These edifices, with their immoderate volume of pilasters, porticos, columns, arches, and pediments, manifested the wealth and state of the German and royalty provinces. Whereasthese highly-decorated buildingssquare measuremarkedlytotally differentfrom those designedthroughoutHitler s reign, they consume symmetricalness, a properpartofstylethateachdesignerandDer Fuhrerbelieved was essentialto doing order. The impressive Berlinerdom exudes any wealth, with thenar in apiece character and intersection. In block with Der Fuhrer, the cathedral, thinking excessively bantam, was appropriately impressive. The all-night arcades of the upstart Hofsburg and therefore the sedimentation of Penalty Study, each in character of Oesterreich, breathe at the lordly and colonnades entrywaies open in edifices subsequent in experience, peculiarly Designer s New Reich authoritys construction.The New Hofsburg, ViennaFurthermore, Hitler, as a trainedcreator, was well-versedwithin thehistory ofdesign.Within theNazisseekassociate orderly aesthetic, a batch ofattention was paid to the classical edifices ofBalkan countryand Rome.Itsstraightforwardto examinethe similarities betweenAlbertSpeer s Zeppelintribune, shownhigher thanright, and hence thePergamon Altar of genus Zeus housedwithin theBerlin Pergamon museumAlbert Speer s ZeppelintribuneThe Pergamon Altar to ZeusIn fact, Albert Speerhimselfexplicitthat theapsissupportedthis Pergamon memorial. There besides arenoticeable similarities between thecoliseumin Romeand therefore the Olympiastadion in Berlin. Specially, the 2 edifices assets a superimposed grouping of pillars and arches. Notwithstanding, the athleticss bowl differs from the amphitheater in its submit of curves or circular arches. Olympiastadion s exterior is regressive, and depends on rectangles formed from healthy crosswise and consecutive lines to realize its spik, organized lead. Further, the athleticss bowl outside is bare there s no ornamentation of any good, merely lines. These penchants for healthy lines and kosher outsides are a regular self-praise of Socialism edifices, particularly those organized by Designer, and businessman them as definite from the neoclassical constructions that influenced them, Authoritative edifices were to a great extent with statues. Fascist edifices are puting for his or her about tot deficiency of honor.The amphitheater in RomeOlympiastadion in BerlinTo reason, although after the mid century and the beginning of the 19Thursdaycentury urban designers and societies began to alter their constructs and preferred to utilize architecture and design edifices in a manner to do metropoliss healthier and assist in cut downing offenses and deduct jobs. Furthermore designers had an purpose to better the attitude of the people and society and they wanted to utilize architecture to cut down poorness, offenses, and prevent revolutions.However, architecture can be used in both ways but I surely agree that if architecture is used as a participatory tool to stand for power and strength for certain society it would play a major function in altering history and consequence vitally the civilization of the universe as Frank Lloyd the American designer said Themother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our ain we have no psyche of our ain civilization.Also architecture in that manner leaves bequests behind them that coming coevalss can look up to and that is wherefore designers and leaders that clip tried their best to function strenghtfull testament through their designs and edifices.

Enhancing quality in assessment Essay

Quality impudence refers to refers to any systematic process aimed at ensuring that go and products being developed meet the specified requirements and standards (Sale, 1990). Thorough testing by the case assurance on products and services is important so as to give developers a chance to fix glitches before new engineering prior to the products or services being unleashed to the consumers (Hernon & Altman, 1998). Appropriate quality assurance can to a fault support firms in attaining a competitive edge in the trading ecosystem which is extremely complex. It can also help in improve customer acquisition and retention rates through helping in distributing acidulous edge services to consumers more dependably and faster. Assessment refers to any process which appraises skills, understanding, knowledge and knowledge of an individual. The vital elements of mind which requires being quality assured acknowledge the assessors, the sagacity process, the assessment system, collecting the evidence and making the judgment (Oakland, 1989).Assessment principles propose that assessments should be reliable, fair, flexible and valid. Assessors carrying out the assessment should make sure that assessment decisions engage the evaluation of adequate evidence which forget enable a judgment to be made regarding competence of an individual. Assessors judge the individuals against benchmarks or competency standards which ar developed by the industry with an aim of assessing whether such individuals are competent. Individual needs of the customers should also be assessed in order to find out whether the products and services provided to them retaliate those needs. This assessment will help in understanding and improving those individual needs (Oakland, 1989). When individual needs are met this will increase the customers satisfaction, customer loyalty and also the play along will be having a competitive edge over its competitors (Fox, 1993).In order for a smart set to be successful it should be able to meet the customer foreseeations. Customer expectations should be made public in organization where appropriate criteria should be introduced and also high standards should be set with an aim of meeting the individual needs of the customers. Also during the assessment there should be a systematical way of analyzing, gathering and translation evidence in order to find out how well the performance of the company matches the standards and expectations of the consumers (Harlen, 1994). The information gathered will be used in explaining, documenting and enhancing performance. This will help in creating an organization culture which focuses more on satisfying the individual needs of the consumers which will eventually increases the performance of the company (Garcia, 2009).Assessment is a dandy deal subdivided into two categories namely formative assessment and summative assessment. Formative assessment possess a developmental purpose which is aimed at helping individuals in a company to work more powerfully through giving them feedback in connection with their performance and also ways of maintaining or enhancing their performance. This will help the company in ensuring that the customers needs and expectations are achieved. On the other hand, summative assessment is used to show the extent of the individuals success in attaining the assessment criteria used in appraising the intended performance outcomes of the company. Different customers draw different needs and requirements and therefore companies should assess those needs in order to satisfy all their individual needs (Gitlow, 2005).Quality assurance process prevents hitches from occurring, detect and correct hitches that do happen, and promote higher standards of care. Assessment activity should be in spite of appearance a quality care system concerned with constant improvement. Two main factors which drives the demand for ensuring the quality of assessment include phil osophy of quality management and the desire to follow the set requirements. Assuring assessment quality will leads to many benefits to the organization. Improving the consistency and quality of assessment will assist the assessors to have more confidence on their judgments, individuals to deem that they have been treated in a just way, and community, employers and other groups to value assessment judgment issued. A great concern on quality in assessment easily forms part of the overall approach of the organization and management of quality processes (Quality management and quality assurance standards, 1994).Quality assurance is very concerned on a systematic approach to enhancement that is aimed at responding and recognizing to the expectation and needs of all the groups of stakeholders in organizations. Stakeholders expect quality assessment and training carried out in an environment which is systematic that also assures its services and processes. Quality assurance processes the s upport staff which supports them in providing effective and efficient service that is focused appropriately on the needs of customers and clients. Quality assurance involves constant improvement (Vitale & Vengroski, 1993). The cyclical approach of plan, do, assess, and act encourages the need to realize processes, assess their efficiency and act to continue with further improvement (Fox, 1993).Organizational needs should also be assessed where all departments should be assessed and also the employees. Employees should also be allowed to have self-assessment and peer reviewed assessments so as to determine their performance and help in knowing areas to improve in order to enhance their performance (Gitlow, 2005). each the groups and stakeholders which contributes to the performance of the company should be assessed and analyze them in order to come up with effective ways of enhancing the performance of the company. This will also help in increasing customers satisfaction since all their needs will be assessed and therefore working towards fulfilling those needs. Assessing individual, groups and organizations needs therefore it very significant towards improving the performance of the company.ReferencesCiccone, K. R., & Lord, J. T. (1992). IQA-2 constant performance improvement through integrated quality assessment. Chicago American Hospital Pub..Fox, M. J. (1993). Quality assurance management. London Chapman & Hall.Garcia, D. (2009). Quality management. Chandni Chowk, Delhi India world(a) Media.Gitlow, H. S. (2005). Quality management (3rd ed.). Boston McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Harlen, W. (1994). Enhancing quality in assessment. London P. Chapman Pub..Hernon, P., & Altman, E. (1998). Assessing service quality satisfying the expectations of library customers. Chicago American Library Association.Oakland, J. S. (1989). Total quality management. Oxford Heinemann Professional Pub. .Quality management and quality assurance standards. (1994). Sydney Standards Australia .S ale, D. N. (1990). Quality assurance. London Macmillan.Vitale, B. A., & Vengroski, S. M. (1993). Quality assessment and improvement in long-term care a continuous process. Philadelphia F.A. Davis.Source document

Hip Abductor Strengthening Exercises Health And Social Care Essay

The gluteal muscle medius is described as a unfluctuating snatcher and median rotator of the informed articulation. During the stance set of pace, the gluteal muscle medius is supported to forest every(prenominal) the sagging of the pelvic girdle on the unsupported array. The work of the gluteal muscle minimus is said to be similar to that of gluteal muscle medius4.Curative exercising is one of the most of import intercessions apply by refilling professionals. Therapists routinely prescribe hep abduction recoil uping exercisings for patients who have sustained Hip hurt or others who have undergone entire hip arthroplasty5.Physical healers use umteen fluctuations of hip abductor muscle beef uping exercisings in the rehabilitation surgical operation. Many clinicians use a standard side lying hip abduction exercise6,7,8. Other common methods of beef uping hip kidnapper musculuss include,Weight design exercises5.i Pelvic beadi Weight bearing hip abductioni Weight bearing w ith sheepfold abduction of contra lateral HipNon-Weight bearing exercises5.i Non-Weight bearing side-lying hip abductioni Non-Weight bearing standing hip abductioni Non-Weight bearing standing flexed hip abductionvon Neumann and colleagues9,10,11 reported that electromyography ( EMG ) activity of hip kidnappers during the stance stage of walking additions when transporting a burden in the manus contralateral to the given hip kidnappers.This stick to intends to compare the effectivity of weight bearing hep abduction in stable broadcast squint-eyed subjoin and wobble board sidelong attach in bettering the military capability of hip abductors5.1.1 NEED FOR THE STUDYHip kidnapper beef uping exercisings over stable and unstable syllabus may assist in steering the determination doing procedure needed for appropriate exercising prescription.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMEffectiveness of wobble board sidelong erupt vs. stable platform sidelong change magnitude in hip kidnapper bee f uping on healthy topics.1.3 AimEfficacy of wobble board sidelong step-up exercising in hip kidnapper strengthening.Efficacy of stable platform sidelong step-up exercising in hip kidnapper strengthening.To compare efficaciousness of wobble board and stable platform sidelong step-up exercising in hip kidnapper strengthening.1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOMETherapist will concentrate hip kidnapper strengthening by unfastened kinetic method. But this survey focuses on strength advances of Hip kidnapper over stable and unstable platform. The survey if proven effectual may propose the usage of unstable platform sidelong add-on as an built-in portion of Hip kidnapper beef uping protocol. This may steer in better neuromuscular control of Hip and hence forwards preceding rehabilitation.1.5 HYPOTHESISNull HypothesisThere is no grievous exit in betterment of hip kidnapper strength between wobble board and stable platform sidelong increase exercisings.Alternate HypothesisThere is a chief(prenominal) difference in betterment of hip kidnapper strength between wobble board and stable platform sidelong increase exercisings.2. REVIEW OF LITERATUREi Nicole J. Chimera, Kathleen A. Swanik ( 2004 ) concluded that the increased preparatory adductor activity and kidnapper to adductor co-activation represent preprogrammed motor schemes learned during the plyometric training22.i Mackinnon and Winter ( 1993 ) stated that the high-power balance of the Head, Arms and Trunk about the back uping hip depends on the control of pelvic gesture by the hip musculature23.i Kupa ( 1995 ) stated that the gluteal muscle medius musculus has a larger proportion of fast vellication fibre than the primary tonic paraspinals21.i Frank Gottschalk, Sohrab Kourosh ( 1989 ) stated that gluteus muscle medius with its 3 parts and phasic mappings is responsible for the stabilisation of the hip articulation in the initial stage of the pace rhythm. It is of import besides in originating the major pace determinant of pelvic set motion. Gluteus minimus map as a primary hip stabilizer during the mid and a late stage of the pace cycle4.i Sorosky et Al ( 2004 ) recommended proximal kinetic concatenation muscular social organization, specifically the gluteal muscle medius and gluteal muscle maximus to command ankle motion24.i Cale Jacobs ( 2005 ) concluded that hip abduction strength differences exist between the dominant and non-dominant legs25.i Mann RA ( 1986 ) , Montgomery WH III ( 1994 ) , stated that the hip kidnapper musculus fire during mid stance of running to stabilise the pelvis26,27, without a equilibrating contraction from the kidnappers, the thighbone and subsequent disdain leg could fall in into farther or uncontrolled adduction38.i Rogers MV ( 2000 ) stated that in younger grownups for both volitional and induced stepping, the oncoming timing of step-up lift off and the peak magnitude of the electromyographic signal of the bases side gluteus medius or extremely synchronized50.i Sch mitz et Al ( 2002 ) reported that increased hip abduction demand during a individual leg stance activity with the hip plazad in a somewhat flexed ( 20Es ) position28.i Nawoczenski and Neumann ( 2002 ) have outlined an internal tortuosity as the consequence of a force be givening to travel a organic structure section about a articulation s axis of rotary motion with its magnitude dependant on the applied external torque29.i Neumann DA and co-workers ( 1985 ) , ( 1994 ) stated that the external torsion at the hip would be the gravitative force produced by the palpebra and left lower appendage times the external minute arms9,11.i Neumann and co-workers have ( 1985 ) , ( 1989 ) reported that duty bole tilt would bring forth a torsion in the same rotatry way normally produced by the hip abductors9,30.i Campenella B, Mattacola CG ( 2000 ) stated that capable received strong verbal encouragement as they performed leash repeats with hold clip of five seconds MVICs and rested one minut e between distributively effort31.i Beutler Al, Cooper LW ( 2002 ) stated to standardise distributively place and maintain balance, we instructed the topic to maintain their pelvis degree and their bole in a perpendicular alliance, while gently puting their finger tips on the tabular array edge32.i Mackinnon Cadmium ( 1993 ) concluded that the pes sight at heel work stoppage may be altered with a accommodation in the hip abduction or adduction motion generated during the swing stage of gait23.i Cerny ( 1984 ) stated that failing in a stabilising musculus, such as gluteus medius may bring forth divergences in joint gesture and subsequent loss of stability33.i Bullock-Saxton ( 1994 ) identifyulated that altered esthesiss in one articulation john paying back to muscle maps alterations in another, more proximal joint34.i Lentell G ( 1995 ) stated that after lower limb ligamentous hurts, dynamic postural stableness of the lumbo pelvic difficult decreases35.i Elaine Trudelle-Jacks on ( 2004 ) concluded that an exercising intent stressing weight bearing and postural stableness significantly improved musculus strength, postural stableness, self perceived map in patients cardinal to twelve months after THA36.i Jarmillo et Al ( 1994 ) reported statistically important failing on the surgical leg of hip flexor, extensor, kidnapper and adductor musculus groups in 27 patients who had undergone one-sided arthroscopic articulatio genus surgery37.i Ireland et Al ( 2003 ) found important failing in hip kidnappers and external rotators in 15 female topics sing anterior articulatio genus pain38.i Beckman and Buchanan ( 1995 ) concluded delayed hip kidnapper musculus firing forms in 10 topics with ankle hypermobility39.i Karen Friel ( 2006 ) concluded that the uni sidelong chronic mortise joint sprains add weaker hip abduction strength and less plantar flexure scope of gesture on the involved sides. Clinicians should see exercisings to increase hip abduction strength when developing rehabilitation plan for patients with ankle sprains40.i Mackinnon and Winter ( 1993 ) stated that mistakes in pes arrangement are correct at the subtalar or hip articulation which work in synergism little mistakes in the pes arrangement or corrected distally by the muscular structure of the pes whereas big mistakes are corrected at hip23.i Bohannon and Saunders ( 1990 ) have shown that a individual extremum assay is equal for mensurating musculus strength41.i Reese NB ( 1999 ) stated that the Make trial method of musculus testing was use in which the patient applied a maximal musculus contraction to the examiner s manus keeping the dynamometer42.i Click fenter, JW Bellew ( 2003 ) concluded that commercially available ergometers can be used to quantify hip kidnapper strength with good excellent reliability16.i Kramer et Al ( 1991 ) found a belt resisted method to be best to an tester resisted method of Hand Held dynamometer in immature and old female subjects43.i A gre et Al ( 1987 ) reported that usage Hand Held Dynamometer in lower appendage hip abduction strength dependability coefficients ( R ) runing from 0.49 to 0.9244.i Andrew et Al ( 1996 ) showed that the usage of Hand Held Dynamometer in hip kidnapper strength trials of R = 0.71 for non-dominant side and 0.72 for the dominant side45.i Nadler et Al ( 2000 ) assessed the dependability of commercial ergometer attached on to grounding station and reported correlativity co-efficient runing from 0.94 to 0.98 for hip abduction and addition strength set uping high reliability46.i Bohannon ( 1990 ) , Wang ( 2002 ) , Kimura ( 1987 ) , stated that The test-retest dependability of Hand Held Dynamometer musculus proving in the lower appendages has shown interclass correlativity coefficient ( ICC ) regard ass of 0.95 to 0.9941, 0.68 to 0.7947, 0.84 to 0.9148 and 0.74 to 0.8049.3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGYThis survey defined to analyze the efficaciousness of wobble board and stable platform sidel ong step-up hip kidnapper strengthening..3.1 Materialsi electrostatic platform and Wobble board.Height = 11cms.i Hand Held Dynamometeri Inch tape.i Weight turnup 1 Kg.i Waist set.3.2 METHODOLOGYStudy DesignA pre-test and post-test experimental comparative survey.This survey will be carried out in two groups.Group A Wobble board sidelong step-up hip kidnapper beef upingGroup B Stable platform sidelong step-up hip kidnapper beef upingStudy PutingThis survey was conducted among the pupils of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences at post-graduate research research lab in physiologic therapy out patient section inSri Ramakrishna Hospital Coimbatore-44.Treatment DurationGroup A 15 repeat. for 3 sets in one session,3 session for a calendar week for four hebdomads.Group B 15 repeat. for 3 sets in one session,3 session for a hebdomad for four hebdomadsStudy DurationThe survey was conducted for a period of 6 months.3.3 ASSESSMENT TOOLSHand held dynomometer3.4 SamplingConvenien t random trying method was used among the pupils of Sri Ramakrishna Paramedical Sciences, Grouping was done by Random block design in to two groups with each group dwelling of 30 topics.3.5 INCLUSION CRITERIAi? Normal healthy male persons in the age group 18 30 old ages.i? major power to execute individual limb standing without any troubles.3.6 EXCLUSION CRITERIAHistory of any recent hurt in lower limbs.Any recent break in the lower limb.Any neurological failing in lower limb.Feel hard in individual limb standing.Limb length disagreement.3.7 DATA assembly PROCEDUREScreened topics from Sri Ramakrishna College of Paramedical Sciences were and explained aim of the survey, for choice of the sample interested topics gave a written consent and thorough rating was done.3.8 STATISTICAL METHODThe collected information was tabulated and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics to measure all the parametric quantities base and standard divergence was used. To happen out important alterati ons between pre and post-test by mated t-test. To compare the average value alterations between the stable and wobble board exercisings by t-test was used.3.9 STATISTICAL TOOLSGroup A and Group B trial values are collected and assessed for fluctuation in betterment and their consequence are analysed utilizing un mated Independent t trial.= mean of first sample= mean of 2nd samplen1 = Number of observation in the first samplen2 = Number of observation in the 2nd sampleS = Combined criterion divergencePretraining trial values and station conceptualization trial values are collected and assessed for fluctuation in betterment and their consequence are analysed utilizing dependent t trial.t trial == Mean for the difference of observationSD = Standard divergence of the differenceSD =4. TREATMENT TECHNIQUESSubjects were tested in a gravitation minimized supine place with a Hand Held Dynamometer attached to a stationary device stabilized at the border of scrutiny sofa. Right lower append age was chosen for rating and informations aggregation for all topics. The Hand Held Dynamometer was fixed on the side of the scrutiny couch16. Soft froth was placed on the grip of the Hand Held Dynamometer to supply relaxation to the topics during the participation16. Right lower appendage was chosen for rating and informations aggregation for all topics. Subjects were positioned so that the ergometer was 5 centimeter proximal to the sidelong femoral condyle of the right limb16. The same arrangement was used for each topic during pre and post-tests.To stabilise the pelvic girdle, a belt was placed across the participant s anterior superior iliac spinal columns and around the tabular array during the proving procedure16. Care was taken non to let the topics to revolve the pelvic girdle or execute internal rotary motion, external rotary motion or flexure at the hip. Use of upper appendages to stabilise the bole was permitted. Maximal attempt was used to execute a Make trial 5,42 i n which topic exerted a maximum isometric force against the ergometer for five seconds on each of the pre and post-test. Three measurings were taken and mean to be used as informations for analysis.The topics practiced each exercising to familiarise themselves with each undertaking until they demonstrated proficiency. Subjects by and large required 8 to 10 pattern repeats for several exercising.Description OF THE WEIGHT BEARING HIP ABDUCTION EXERCISES In group A, subjects stood with both lower appendages shoulder width apart so they perform a sidelong increase on the 11cm tallness wobble board in a anterior plane following which maintaining the pelvic a flat place the topics lifts the contra sidelong lower appendage from the land and kidnap the leg up to 25Es5. Then the topics return back to get downing place and repeats the exercising for 15 repeats over 3 sets.In group B, the topics stood on their right lower appendage on 11cm high stable platform in a frontal plane and keeping t he pelvic girdle in degree and so were instructed to raise the contra sidelong appendage from the land and to kidnap to 25Es5. In the both processs a 1 Kg sandbag was added at the ankle degree at the contra sidelong lower extremity5 for heightening ipsilateral hip kidnapper enlisting.The frequence of exercisings was three Sessionss for a hebdomad for four hebdomads continuance.The topics were asked non to indulge in any athleticss activity or exercising plan during the continuance of the survey. At the terminal of the 4th hebdomad the post-test dynamometric values were noted.5. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONGroup AWOBBLE BOARD LATERAL compoundS.NoPRE TEST ( pound )POST TEST ( pound )128.3337223.333332033.3342535.3353039.66625.6634.6672534818.3329915.6626.661022.6634.661126.33361227.6636.331320.3331.331419.6630.33152736.331639.3349.661724.66331826341921.66292030.6639.332117.3327.332225.33352324.6634.33241828.332530.33402627.6636.332732.3340.662825.6634.662929.6637.663024.3335.66TE STING THE long suit OF WOBBLE BOARD LATERAL rev up EXERCISE IN INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF HIP ABDUCTOR USING PAIRED t-TEST.Number of topics = 30Mean ( pound )S.D.Average difference( pound )Pairedt-valueP valuePre-test25.0855.039.66740.920.0001Post-test34.7524.63COMPARISON OF PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST value OFMEAN STRENGTH VALUES AND STANDARD going VALUES USING WOBBLE BOARD LATERAL STEP UP.radical BSTABLE PLATFORM LATERAL STEP-UPS.NOPRE TEST ( pound )POST TEST ( pound )12430224.6628.3331824.33423.332952025.66625.3331725.3329.33820.3325917.66231023.3329.661127321231.3335132429.66143236153033.661625.3329.661724.3329.661827.6633.661924.3330.662019.66242126.3331.662225.3330.332320.6625.33242428.332526.33312624.6629.332719.6625.662823.6627.332921.3325.663025.6630.33TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STABLE PLATFORM LATERAL STEP-UP EXERCISE IN INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF HIP ABDUCTOR USING PAIRED t-TEST.Number of topics = 30Mean ( pound )S.D.Average difference( pound )Pairedt-valueP valuePre-tes t24.1743.524.96731.370.0001Post-test29.1413.27COMPARISON OF PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST VALUES OFMEAN STRENGTH VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATION VALUES USING STABLE PLATFORM LATERAL STEP UP.Comparison THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WOBBLE BOARD LATERAL STEP-UP WITH STABLE PLATFORM LATERAL STEP-UP IN INCREASING THE STRENGTH OFHIP ABDUCTOR USING UN PAIRED t-TESTNumber of Subjects = 60InterventionMean ( pound )S.D.Average difference( pound )t-valueP valueWobble board sidelong increase9.671.294.70116.530.0001Stable platform sidelong increase4.960.86COMPARISON OF MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATION VALUES BETWEEN WOBBLE BOARD LATERAL STEP-UP GROUP AND STABLE PLATFORM LATERAL STEP-UP GROUP.6. DiscussionThis Study concentrated on to better the strength of hip kidnapper musculus by utilizing wobble senesce sidelong Step-up and stable platform sidelong Step-up Exercise. Among 60 topics 30 topics received wobble Board Lateral Step-up and other 30 received the stable platform sidelong step-up Exercise. Exercis es are normally used weight bearing exercisings for the lower appendage.The mated t-value ( 40.92 ) for wobble board sidelong measure up exercising and paired t value 31.37 for stable platform sidelong measure up exercising shows that there is statistically important alteration at P & lt 0.05 ( 5 % degree ) over the survey continuance in bettering the strength of hip kidnapper.The un mated t-value ( 16.53 ) shows that there is statistically important difference at P & lt 0.05 ( 5 % degree ) between wobble board sidelong step-up exercising and stable platform sidelong step-up exercising.The comparing shows that there is important addition in the strength of hip kidnapper utilizing wobble board lateral increase than utilizing stable platform sidelong step-up exercising.Nawoczenski and Neumann ( 2002 ) have defined an internal torsion as the consequence of a force be givening to Travel a organic structure section about a Joint s axis of rotation23 with its magnitude dependant on the applied External torsion. In this plan the external torsion produced by gravitation on caput, weaponries, bole and contra sidelong lower appendage ( about 84 % of organic structure mass ) 5 contracted by internal forces of gluteus muscular structure.Exercise in weight bearing generates really high torsion for hip kidnapper musculus than non weight bearing hip kidnapper exercisings. Hence exercising in weight bearing would be more good in gluteal musculus strengthening and rehabilitation.Lateral increases on unstable platform ( wobble board ) have non been described in literature. This survey focused on strength betterments due to unstable platform sidelong increases. In this survey the group exercises with wobble board sidelong increase improved better than stable platform sidelong increase. This may be attributed to bring oning neuromuscular versions of stretch physiological reaction, snap of the musculus and centripetal system of the joint22. Weight bearing exercisings induce co -contraction of agonist and antagonist musculus synchronicity in keeping joint stableness by increased joint compaction.Wobble board sidelong increase may hold enhanced centripetal motor preparation of the hip kidnapper musculus in part to improved musculus public presentation.The survey noted that there is important betterment in the strength of kidnapper in the both groups. This may be due to specific preparation of hip kidnapper musculus due to constitute weight opposition in sidelong step-up exercisings. Clinically, many survey reveals that these exercisings are really helpful in late stage of exercising plan in conditions kindred entire Hip arthroplasty, After break immobilisation, Ankle sprains, iliotibial set clash syndrome, and knee joint disfunction status and besides featuring activities, like basket ball, and association football, required motions in lower limbs.The chief operational trouble faced during this survey was the regular followup of the topic which needed r epeated supports to the topics. In a over all position in this survey states that exercisings are better effectual in beef uping hip kidnappers during late stage of rehabilitation.7. DecisionThe analysis of information reveals that there is important difference in the result with wobble board sidelong measure up exercising when compared with stable platform sidelong measure us exercise in bettering the musculuss strength of hip kidnappers.So, the wobble board sidelong step-up exercising may be used in orthopaedic rehabilitation for bettering the strength of hip kidnapper musculus.Restrictioni This survey did non concentrate on trunk place can significantly act upon the demands on the hip kidnapper musculuss during the weight bearing exercisings.i This survey was conducted on the immature symptomless topics which precludes direct extrapolation of consequences to patients with hurting from degenerative alterations, acute hurt, or post operative intercession.i Regular followup of the t opics need to be done during and after the survey.i Merely male topics were selected.Recommendationi A similar survey can be done among the females to measure the strength response.i An Identical survey can be done on patients who have undergone Total Hip Arthroplasty or after hep joint break immobilisation, iliotibial set syndrome conditions.i A similar survey can be done with other methods of exercisings.i A similar survey can be done with other age group.

The Renaissance Man

In the consume there was a group named the double ads. They are called double ads meaning, dumbest dog salt. The people from that group are chosen to be In that group because those students are the ones that do not comprehend the army duty. Mr.. Raga, the teacher from the group double ads, was not as responsible. Facing some of his induce consequences like, causeting fired from his previous job, losing his relationship slowly with his only daughter, and not taking his new job as a teacher seriously. But during the film he went through some times where he changed.From he students touching him in an emotional level and being in an army base forwardness he changed. Three things that Mr.. Raga changed was his character attitude, and got some discipline. His character changed by not being mean and rude to people he found from his students that there is much to a person that what meets the eye. His attitude changed from how he acts with people to how he looked at his teaching Job. At first he TLD pauperization the job but later time he found out how important changing and helping the kids life really s.He became more disciplined by the Army, getting to mime former(a) or In time and getting himself straight with his priorities. I believe the most important change from the three, is his attitude. Because I think attitude says a clustering about a person. How you are with people and it shows how your real character really is. By changing his own attitude he turned from being self-centered and only caring about his own life to wanting to make somebody elses life better. At first Mr.. Raga was thinking of teaching comprehensive poppycock to the students so they could be able to do and pass the requirements to graduate from the U.S. Army. However he thought hem something else from somewhere he never thought would mesmerize theyre attention. Mr.. Raga introduced hamlet by William Shakespeare to the double ads. The students could relate the play to their lives th e play gave the students motivation, giving them something to look at in order to keep on going and move their goals In life. Each of the double ads had their own struggles and life, and their own destiny of making It to the Army, but there was this one specific double d. His name was Nathaniel Hobbs, he was a very smart student and the one that connected to Mr..Raga the most he saw potential for the student and wanted to help him. There were consequences in that though, Mr.. Raga went to public lecture to the sergeant, they found out Nathaniel Joined the army to escape from hid felony of selling drugs, so he went to jail. I think it was Nathaniel own fault because it was his decision of selling drugs and heretofore though its in the past you have to deal with the consequences of your actions. Before Mr.. Raga changed his ways he faced an enemy on the way through his change. Mr.. Raga did not get along with sergeant Lou.Sergeant Lou thought Mr.. Raga was not disciplined enough an d was not strict enough with his class. You would think It would end up In a bitterness but surprisingly Mr.. Raga got his own discipline from sergeant Lou, and changed of character. Even though things might not look as good as a function something good always happens. Even though sergeant Lou thought Mr.. Raga was not as strict or as disciplined, the classmates got an effect on the class. I en class gave ten students motivation to change Ana It Improved tenet connecter.They were able to complete the tasks of their army duties and obstacles they had to overcome in order to graduate from the army. There was an buffer renaissance man that was mentioned in the pictorial matter. The Renaissance man was Alberta Leon Battista. He accomplished a lot of things, his mindset was there is not a limit of the goals you want to reach or what you want to become. Thats something Mr.. Raga taught his class. Like I said before, Mr.. Raga was originally going to teach comprehensive but he taught s omething more important. He stop up teaching the student to reach for the stars.That success starts from your mind, your way of hinging, you can become whatsoever you decide to be and what you pursue however its not beneficial pursuing it, but also completing it even though there might be obstacles in the way. The central lesson that can be learned from this movie is that the choices you make dictate the life we live. Any choice you make or action you take make you become the person you are. You can become whatever you want to become if you put your mind and heart into it. Or Just have to look within and take your determination to its fullest capability and reaching your goals.

Meaning of life †United Kingdom Essay

1. How does Pontiac understand the meaning of freedom? In his notion freedom meant getting rid of the English who had conquered the French and had gained more control everyplace the Indians lands than ever. He believed they had to fight the English and pushed them out of their ancestors lands. As he said Although you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us We are not your slaves. These lake, these woodland and mountains, were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance and we will part with them to none. 2.What elements of Indian life does Neolin criticize most satisfyingly? He criticized Pontiac for using European technology, doing fur trade with the Whites, using their cloths and consuming alcohol instead of fighting against the English which he called them the dogs who dressed red and surrendering himself to them. He argued that he (Pontiac) should clothe himself in skins and use the bows and arrows and his tradition to fight game against their enemie s. 3. How does this document relate to and inform the related part of the Chapter in the main text?This document discusses on how Pontiac started his voyage to meet with Delaware religious prophet Neolin and on how Neolin guided Pontiac on how he should fight back in opposed to the English by getting back to his tradition that he inherited from his ancestors. 4. What impact did the primary source had on your understanding and beliefs? It was very interesting to see how much Indians cared about spiritual beliefs and how strong their viewpoint were when it comes to their traditional faith. Even though, the English had believed they were faithless and savages, but the truth was they were full of spiritual thoughts.

India’s Energy Scenario

Energy in India for the Coming Decades Anil Kakodkar Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India emailprotected gov. in The reforms initiated in India since the beginning of the nineties have light-emitting diode to rapid economic progress and better harvesting rates. In the first decade of this century the produce rates seem to be still better. Studies by several academics and consultants forecast continued high harvest-home rate for the next several decades.Ill quote two such studies, superstar by Dominic Wilson and Roopa Purushothaman of Goldmann Sachs 1 and the other by Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subramanian of the International Monetary Fund 2. Wilson and Purushothaman write, India has the potential to show the fastest increment over the next 30 to 50 years. Growth rate could be high than 5 percent over the next 30 years and close to 5 percent as late as 2050 if development proceeds successfully. Rodrik and Subramanian write, .. rowth in capital stock together with growth in m over productivity give yield output growth of 5. 4 percent. Over the next 20 years, the working age population is projected to grow at 1. 9 percent per year.If educational attainment and participation rates remain unchanged, labor growth will contribute another 1. 3 percent, yielding an aggregate growth rate of 6. 7 percent per year, or a per capita growth rate of 5. 3 percent. This is a lower bound estimate and, even so, would be signifi sack uptly greater than the per capita growth rate of 3. percent achieved in the 1980s and 1990s. Over a 40-year period, a 5. 3 percent growth rate would accession the income of the average person nearly 8-fold. Growth in economy is made possible by several inputs, the two most cardinal being aptitude and human resource. In this conference, we are concerned about energy and so Ill detain myself to energy. Energy is the engine for growth. It multiplies human labour and increases productivity in agriculture, industry as well as in services. To sustain the growth rate in economy, energy supply has to grow in tandem.For a large country like India with its over one billion population and rapid economic growth rate, no single energy resource or technology constitutes a panacea to address all told issues related to availability of fuel supplies, environmental impact, particularly, clime change, and health externalities. T here(predicate)fore, it is necessary that all non-carbon emitting resources become an integral part of an energy mix as diversified as possible to ensure energy protective covering to a country like India during the present century.Available sources are low carbon dodo fuels, re sassyables and atomic energy and all these should be subject of increased aim of research, development, demonstration and deployment. In the Department of Atomic Energy, we have conducted a study with the aim to quantify the likely growth in energy demand in India, and the role nuclear energy has to play in the decades to come . The ultimate objective was to formulate a strategic plan to learn the projected role to be played by nuclear energy 3.Energy intensity of gross domestic product, defined as the ratio of the energy consumption to the GDP, has been observed to follow a certain bowel movement worldwide. Below a certain level of development, growth results in increase in energy intensity. With further growth in economy, the energy intensity starts declining. base on data by International Energy Agency 4, overall energy intensity of GDP in India is the same as in OECD countries, when GDP is calculated in foothold of the purchasing power parity (PPP). Energy-GDP elasticity, the ratio of the growth rates of the two, remained around 1. from early fifties to mid-seventies. Since then it has been continuously decreasing. electricity is the most important component of the primary energy. Electricity-GDP elasticity was 3. 0 till the mid-sixties. It has also decreased since then. Reasons for these energye conomy elasticity changes are demographic shifts from cracker-barrel to urban areas, structural economic changes towards lighter industry, impressive growth of services, increased use of energy efficient devices, increased efficiency of conversion equipments and inter-fuel substitution with to a greater extent efficient alternatives.Based on the CMIE data 5, the average value of the Electricity-GDP elasticity during 1991-2000 has been calculated to be 1. 213 and that of the primary energy- GDP elasticity to be 0. 907. Estimating the future GDP growth rates of India from the projections made by Dominic Wilson and Roopa Prushothaman 1, taking the primary energy intensity stick to be 1. 2 percent per year 6, extrapolating the electricity intensity fall from past data till 2022 and subsequently a constant fall of 1. 2 percent year, the growth rates of the primary energy and electrical energy have been estimated as follows. Period Primary Energy Electricity Percent Annual Growth Perc ent Annual Growth 2002-2022 4. 6 6. 3 2022-2032 4. 5 4. 2032-2042 4. 5 4. 5 2042-2052 3. 9 3. 9 These rates are the basis of the projections reported 3. It may be recalled that historical primary energy and electricity growth rates during 1981- 2000 were 6 percent per year and 7. 8 percent per year respectively.Based on the growth rates given in the above table, per capita electricity generation would reach about 5300 kWh per year in the year 2052 and total about 8000 TWh. This would correspond to an installed capacity of around 1300 GWe. Annual primary energy consumption would increase from about 13. 5 EJ in 2002-03 to about 117 EJ in 2052-53. By then the cumulative energy expenditure will be about 2400 EJ. The present positioning of various fuel-resources in India is given in the table 1. The domestic mineable coal (about 38 BT) and the estimated hydrocarbon reserves (about 12 BT) together may provide about 1200 EJ of energy.To meet the projected demand of about 2400 EJ, one has to tap all options including using the known fossil reserves efficiently, looking for increase fossil resource base, private-enterprise(a) import of energy (including building gas pipe lines whenever and wherever permitted based on geo-political considerations and found feasible from techno-commercial considerations), harnessing full hydro potential for generation of electricity and increasing use of non-fossil resources including nuclear and non-conventional.Before proceeding further, I would like to explain the status of nuclear power technology in India. Comprehensive expertise in all aspects of nuclear fuel cycle and Pressurized Heavy Water reactors (PHWRs) has been acquired through self reliant means in India. PHWRs which constitute the mainstay of the first stage of our nuclear power computer programme are the most efficient systems in terms of uranium utilization and would enable about 10 GWe of nuclear installed capacity with our minuscule innate uranium resources .Having tied up the PHWR programme upto around half way mark, we have now embarked on the development of Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) based flash stage of our programme with the construction of the 500 MWe Fast Breeder Reactor launched in October last year. Our studies indicate that we should be in a position to support around 500 GWe power generation capacity based on plutonium bred from indigenously available uranium. This is a part of the dodge of three stage programme formulated by India right in the beginning of the programme aimed eventually at exploitation of our vast thorium resources.With decades of RD in our laboratories and Industry, India has come a long way since the inception of the programme and the current efforts are aimed at further improving the economy, enhancing safety and expanding the programme to meet the increasing electricity demand in the country. The 540 MWe PHWR unit at Tarapur that went critical on 6th March, about 8 month ahead of inscription is an imp ortant landmark in terms of efforts in this direction. In addition to the indigenous technology, the Indian power programme includes two GE-BWRs which were set up as turnkey projects right at the inception of our programme.While these reactors are running well as a result of comprehensive backfits and upgrades carried out indigenously, our experience in terms of securing reliable fuel supply has not been satisfactory. Two 1000 MWe VVERs are presently under construction at Kudankulan and would contribute additional carbon disembarrass electricity to Indian grids when completed. Coming back to the energy growth scenario 3, the study points out that it is necessary to develop metallic fuel for the fast reactors during the next one decade.Metallic fuels have short doubling time and can ensure a fast enough growth in nuclear installed capacity. Assuming that the fast reactors to be set up after 2020 are based on metallic fuel, the study calculates the maximum possible contribution that can be made by nuclear till the middle of the century. Hydro and non-conventional potential being limited, the remaining demand has to be met by the fossil fuels. The results indicate that it is possible to have one draw and quarter of the contribution coming from nuclear by the middle of the century, if the fast reactor growth follows the course outlined.Even after the growth projected by the study, there will be shortages and the country will continue to import energy as at present. Research and development plans have to be formulated to ensure that new technologies can be deployed to reduce energy imports. Three efforts being made by the Department of Atomic Energy are worthy of mention here in this context. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is working on development of a Compact High Temperature Reactor with the aim of producing hydrogen, which could be the most important energy carrier in the future.Several institutions within the Department of Atomic Energy in India are together working for the development of Accelerator Driven Systems, so that one could sustain growth with thorium systems and move towards incineration of long lived radioactive wastes. The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), is spearheading the Indian effort in developing a fusion based system for the production of energy. One of the worlds first super conducting steady state tokamak with elongated diverter plasma having 1000 second operation capability is nearing completion at IPR.The Indian population corresponds to one sixth of world population. However, the carbon dioxide emission from India is only around 4% of the world(prenominal) emissions. On the basis of current energy mix and the present day technologies for electricity production, the CO2 emission from India alone could become as much as half of the present level of global emission in a few decades from now. A larger share of nuclear power in India beyond what would be realized through indigenous efforts would, in principle, c ontribute to further avoidance of CO2 emission which otherwise would be inevitable.To conclude, the first stage of the indigenous nuclear power programme involving setting up of pressurized heavy water reactors is now in industrial domain. With the start of construction of the 500 MWe fast reactor in October last year, the second stage has been launched. It is time for India to accelerate the implementation of the second stage and development of the third stage of the nuclear power programme. In parallel, India has to continue to work towards development of emerging nuclear energy technologies to address its long term energy requirements which are indeed very large.References 1 Dominic Wilson and Roopa Purushothaman, Dreaming with BRICs the caterpillar track to 2050 Global Economics Paper No 99, Goldmann Sachs, 1st October 2003. 2 Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subranium, Why India can grow at 7 percent or more projections and reflections, IMF Working Paper, WP/04/118, July 2004. 3 R. B. G rover and Subash Chandra, A strategy for growth of electrical energy in India, Document No 10, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, India, August 2004. 4 International Energy Agency (IEA), Key universe of discourse Energy Statistics, 2003. 5 Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) 2002, Energy, April 2002 6 International Energy Agency (IEA), World Energy Outlook 2002 Highlights p 32. Table 1 Primary energy electricity resources Amount Thermal energy Electricity potential EJ TWh GWYr GWe-Yr Fossil Coal 38 -BT 667 185,279 21,151 7,614 Hydrocarbon 12 -BT 511 141,946 16,204 5,833 Non-Fossil Nuclear Uranium-Metal 61,000 -T In PHWRs 28. 7,992 913 328 In Fast breeders 3,699 1,027,616 117,308 42,231 Thorium-Metal 2,25,000 -T In Breeders 13,622 3,783,886 431,950 155,502 Renewable Hydro 150 -GWe 6. 0 1,679 192 69 Non-conventional renewable 100 -GWe 2. 9 803 92 33 Assumptions for Potential Calculations Fossil 1. Complete outset is used for calculating electricity potential with a thermal efficiency of 0. 36. 2. Calorific Values Coal 4,200 kcal/kg, Hydrocarbon 10,200 kcal/kg. 3.Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas 7has set strategic goals for the next two decades (2001-2020) of doubling reserve accretion to 12 BT (Oil + Oil equivalent gas) and improving recovery factor to the order of 40%. Considering the fact that geographic expedition is a dynamic process and India is one of the les explored countries, reference 3 assumes that cumulative availability of hydrocarbons up to 2052 will be 12 BT. Non-Fossil Thermal energy is the equivalent fossil energy required to produce electricity with a thermal efficiency of 0. 36. Nuclear 1. PHWR burn-up = 6,700 MWd/T of U-oxide, thermal efficiency 0. 29 2. It has been take for granted that complete fission of 1kg. of fissile material gives 1000 MWd of thermal energy. Fast reactor thermal efficiency is assumed to be 42%. Fast breeders can use 60% of the Uranium. This i s an indicative number.Actual value will be determined as one proceeds with the programme and gets some experience. Even if it is half of this value the scenario presented does not change. 3. Breeders can use 60% Thorium with thermal efficiency 42%. At this stage, type of reactors wherein thorium will be used are yet to be decided. The numbers are only indicative. Hydro 1. Name plate capacity is 150 GWe. 2. Estimated hydro- potential of 600 billion kWh and name plate capacity of 150,000 MWe gives a capacity factor of 0. 46. Non-conventional renewable 1. Includes Wind 45 GWe, Small Hydro 15 GWe, Biomass Power/ Co-generation 19. 5 GWe and Waste to Energy 1. 7 GWe etc. 2. Capacity factor of 0. 33 has been assumed for potential calculations.

An Essay on Tahitians and Europeans in the Voyage of Bougainville

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